Dasher—a data entry interface using continuous gestures and language models
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Text input methods for eye trackers using off-screen targets
ETRA '00 Proceedings of the 2000 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Measuring errors in text entry tasks: an application of the Levenshtein string distance statistic
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Zooming interfaces!: enhancing the performance of eye controlled pointing devices
Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Metrics for text entry research: an evaluation of MSD and KSPC, and a new unified error metric
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Effect of foreign language on text transcription performance: Finns writing English
Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
On-line adjustment of dwell time for target selection by gaze
Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
Analyzing the input stream for character- level errors in unconstrained text entry evaluations
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Longitudinal evaluation of discrete consecutive gaze gestures for text entry
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Now Dasher! Dash away!: longitudinal study of fast text entry by Eye Gaze
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Eye typing using word and letter prediction and a fixation algorithm
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Fast gaze typing with an adjustable dwell time
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Learning gaze typing: what are the obstacles and what progress to expect?
Universal Access in the Information Society - Special Issue: Communication by Gaze Interaction
Alternatives to single character entry and dwell time selection on eye typing
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications
Optimizing gaze typing for people with severe motor disabilities: the iWriter arabic interface
Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Text entry by gazing and smiling
Advances in Human-Computer Interaction
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Although eye typing (typing on an on-screen keyboard via one's eyes as they are tracked by an eye tracker) has been studied for more than three decades now, we still know relatively little about it from the users' point of view. Standard metrics such as words per minute and keystrokes per character yield information only about the effectiveness of the technology and the interaction techniques developed for eye typing. We conducted an extensive study with almost five hours of eye typing per participant and report on extended qualitative and quantitative analysis of the relationship of dwell time, text entry rate, errors made, and workload experienced by the participants. The analysis method is comprehensive and stresses the need to consider different metrics in unison. The results highlight the importance of catering for individual differences and lead to suggestions for improvements in the interface.