Metrics for text entry research: an evaluation of MSD and KSPC, and a new unified error metric
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Effect of foreign language on text transcription performance: Finns writing English
Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
On-line adjustment of dwell time for target selection by gaze
Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
Longitudinal evaluation of discrete consecutive gaze gestures for text entry
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Now Dasher! Dash away!: longitudinal study of fast text entry by Eye Gaze
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Context switching for fast key selection in text entry applications
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications
Object selection in gaze controlled systems: What you don't look at is what you get
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Object recognition system guided by gaze of the user with a wearable eye tracker
DAGM'11 Proceedings of the 33rd international conference on Pattern recognition
Some applications of string algorithms in human-computer interaction
Algorithms and Applications
Gaze guided object recognition using a head-mounted eye tracker
Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
Eye typing of Chinese characters
Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
The potential of dwell-free eye-typing for fast assistive gaze communication
Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
An exploratory study of eye typing fundamentals: dwell time, text entry rate, errors, and workload
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Comparison of video-based pointing and selection techniques for hands-free text entry
Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
Enhanced gaze interaction using simple head gestures
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing
GeoGazemarks: providing gaze history for the orientation on small display maps
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
Gaze map matching: mapping eye tracking data to geographic vector features
Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
Freehand gestural text entry for interactive TV
Proceedings of the 11th european conference on Interactive TV and video
Facilitating gaze interaction using the gap and overlap effects
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Text entry by gazing and smiling
Advances in Human-Computer Interaction
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Previous research shows that text entry by gaze using dwell time is slow, about 5-10 words per minute (wpm). These results are based on experiments with novices using a constant dwell time, typically between 450 and 1000 ms. We conducted a longitudinal study to find out how fast novices learn to type by gaze using an adjustable dwell time. Our results show that the text entry rate increased from 6.9 wpm in the first session to 19.9 wpm in the tenth session. Correspondingly, the dwell time decreased from an average of 876 ms to 282 ms, and the error rates decreased from 1.28% to .36%. The achieved typing speed of nearly 20 wpm is comparable with the result of 17.3 wpm achieved in an earlier, similar study with Dasher.