Manual and gaze input cascaded (MAGIC) pointing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Gaze typing compared with input by head and hand
Proceedings of the 2004 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Eye gaze interaction with expanding targets
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Gazing and frowning as a new human--computer interaction technique
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
On-line adjustment of dwell time for target selection by gaze
Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
Facial feature tracking for cursor control
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Longitudinal evaluation of discrete consecutive gaze gestures for text entry
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Now Dasher! Dash away!: longitudinal study of fast text entry by Eye Gaze
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Fast gaze typing with an adjustable dwell time
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Combining dynamic texture and structural features for speaker identification
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Multimedia in forensics, security and intelligence
User experience to improve the usability of a vision-based interface
Interacting with Computers
WACV '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Workshop on the Applications of Computer Vision
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments
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Video-based human-computer interaction has received increasing interest over the years. However, earlier research has been mainly focusing on technical characteristics of different methods rather than on user performance and experiences in using computer vision technology. This study aims to investigate performance characteristics of novice users and their subjective experiences in typing text with several video-based pointing and selection techniques. In Experiment 1, eye tracking and head tracking were applied for the task of pointing at the keys of a virtual keyboard. The results showed that gaze pointing was significantly faster but also more erroneous technique as compared with head pointing. Self-reported subjective ratings revealed that it was generally better, faster, more pleasant and efficient to type using gaze pointing than head pointing. In Experiment 2, mouth open and brows up facial gestures were utilized for confirming the selection of a given character. The results showed that text entry speed was approximately the same for both selection techniques, while mouth interaction caused significantly fewer errors than brow interaction. Subjective ratings did not reveal any significant differences between the techniques. Possibilities for design improvements are discussed.