Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
ICCHP '96 Proceedings of the 5th International conference on Computers helping people with special needs. Part I
Face Recognition: Features Versus Templates
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Blink detection for real-time eye tracking
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Skin-Color Modeling and Adaptation
ACCV '98 Proceedings of the Third Asian Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II
Segmentation and Tracking of Faces in Color Images
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
WACV '96 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV '96)
Hands-free vision-based interface for computer accessibility
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Experiences using a hands-free interface
Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
User experience to improve the usability of a vision-based interface
Interacting with Computers
Comparison of video-based pointing and selection techniques for hands-free text entry
Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
Improving accuracy in face tracking user interfaces using consumer devices
Proceedings of the 1st Annual conference on Research in information technology
WiiMS: simulating mouse and keyboard for motor-impaired users
Proceedings of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments
Design and evaluation of face tracking user interfaces for accessibility
Proceedings of the 2nd annual conference on Research in information technology
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This work is motivated by the goal of providing a non-contact means of controlling the mouse pointer on a computer system for people with motor difficulties using low-cost, widely available hardware. The required information is derived from video data captured using a web camera mounted below the computer's monitor. A colour filter is used to identify skin coloured regions. False positives are eliminated by optionally removing background regions and by applying statistical rules that reliably identify the largest skin-coloured region, which is assumed to be the user's face. The nostrils are then found using heuristic rules. The instantaneous location of the nostrils is compared with their at-rest location; any significant displacement is used to control the mouse pointer's movement. The system is able to process 18 frames per second at a resolution of 320 by 240 pixels, or 30 fps at 160 by 120 pixels using moderately powerful hardware (a 500 MHz Pentium III desktop computer).