Towards a reputation-based routing protocol to contrast blackholes in a delay tolerant network

Authors:
Gianluca Dini;Angelica Lo Duca
Affiliations:
Dept. of Ingegneria della Informazione, University of Pisa, L.go Lazzarino 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy;Dept. of Ingegneria della Informazione, University of Pisa, L.go Lazzarino 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
Venue:
Ad Hoc Networks
Year:
2012

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Abstract

A Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) relies on the implicit assumption that nodes cooperate towards message forwarding. However, this assumption cannot be satisfied when there are malicious nodes acting as blackholes and voluntarily attracting and dropping messages. In this paper we propose a reputation-based protocol for contrasting blackholes. Every node locally maintains the reputation of forwarding nodes it comes in touch with and, then, upon selecting the next forwarding node, the node chooses among those having the highest reputation. The proposed reputation protocol is composed of three basic mechanisms-acknowledgments, node lists, and aging-that make communication efficient and capable of adapting to the changing operating conditions of a DTN. The protocol has been used to extend CAR [1]. The resulting protocol RCAR (reputation-based CAR) has been compared with T-ProPHET [2], a state-of-the-art reputation-based DTN routing protocol, from several standpoints. As it turns out, RCAR is more effective than T-ProPHET and outperforms it in most cases.