The design and evaluation of a high-performance soft keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Metrics for text entry research: an evaluation of MSD and KSPC, and a new unified error metric
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Twiddler typing: one-handed chording text entry for mobile phones
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Adaptive blind interaction technique for touchscreens
Universal Access in the Information Society
Analyzing the input stream for character- level errors in unconstrained text entry evaluations
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Mobile messenger for the blind
ERCIM'06 Proceedings of the 9th conference on User interfaces for all
The aligned rank transform for nonparametric factorial analyses using only anova procedures
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Usable gestures for blind people: understanding preference and performance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Brailletouch: mobile texting for the visually impaired
UAHCI'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction: context diversity - Volume Part III
BrailleType: unleashing braille over touch screen mobile phones
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part I
Blind people and mobile touch-based text-entry: acknowledging the need for different flavors
The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
TypeInBraille: a braille-based typing application for touchscreen devices
The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
No-look notes: accessible eyes-free multi-touch text entry
Pervasive'10 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Pervasive Computing
An evaluation of BrailleTouch: mobile touchscreen text entry for the visually impaired
MobileHCI '12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
PassChords: secure multi-touch authentication for blind people
Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Tapulator: a non-visual calculator using natural prefix-free codes
Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
DigiTaps: eyes-free number entry on touchscreens with minimal audio feedback
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
VBGhost: a braille-based educational smartphone game for children
Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
The feasibility of eyes-free touchscreen keyboard typing
Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
UbiBraille: designing and evaluating a vibrotactile Braille-reading device
Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
Exploring the use of speech input by blind people on mobile devices
Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
Follow that sound: using sonification and corrective verbal feedback to teach touchscreen gestures
Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
Effects of hand drift while typing on touchscreens
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2013
I feel it in my fingers: haptic guidance on touch surfaces
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
Disambiguation of imprecise input with one-dimensional rotational text entry
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
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We present Input Finger Detection (IFD), a novel technique for nonvisual touch screen input, and its application, the Perkinput text entry method. With IFD, signals are input into a device with multi-point touches, where each finger represents one bit, either touching the screen or not. Maximum likelihood and tracking algorithms are used to detect which fingers touch the screen based on user-set reference points. The Perkinput text entry method uses the 6-bit Braille encoding with audio feedback, enabling one- and two-handed input. A longitudinal evaluation with 8 blind participants who are proficient in Braille showed that one-handed Perkinput was significantly faster and more accurate than iPhone's VoiceOver. Furthermore, in a case study to evaluate expert performance, one user reached an average session speed of 17.56 words per minute (WPM) with an average uncorrected error rate of just 0.14% using one hand for input. The same participant reached an average session speed of 38.0 WPM with two-handed input and an error rate of just 0.26%. Her fastest phrase was entered at 52.4 WPM and no errors.