Eliciting forecasts from self-interested experts: scoring rules for decision makers

  • Authors:
  • Craig Boutilier

  • Affiliations:
  • University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2
  • Year:
  • 2012

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Abstract

Scoring rules for eliciting expert predictions of random variables are usually developed assuming that experts derive utility only from the quality of their predictions. We study more realistic settings in which (a) the principal is a decision maker who takes a decision based on the expert's prediction; and (b) the expert has an inherent interest in the decision. Not surprisingly, in such situations, the expert usually has an incentive to misreport her forecast to influence the choice of the decision maker. We develop a general model for this setting and introduce the concept of a compensation rule. When combined with the expert's inherent utility for decisions, a compensation rule induces a net scoring rule that behaves like a traditional scoring rule. Assuming full knowledge of expert utility, we provide a complete characterization of all (strictly) proper compensation rules. We then analyze the case when the expert's utility function is not fully known to the decision maker. We show bounds on: (a) expert incentive to misreport; (b) the degree to which an expert will misreport; and (c) decision maker loss in utility due to such uncertainty. These bounds depend in natural ways on the degree of uncertainty, the local degree of convexity of net scoring function, and properties of the decision maker's utility function. Finally, we briefly discuss the use of compensation rules in prediction markets.