On the power of randomization in online algorithms
STOC '90 Proceedings of the twenty-second annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Generating representative Web workloads for network and server performance evaluation
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Online computation and competitive analysis
Online computation and competitive analysis
Visualizing Data
Workload Modeling for Performance Evaluation
Performance Evaluation of Complex Systems: Techniques and Tools, Performance 2002, Tutorial Lectures
Xen and the art of virtualization
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
CoMon: a mostly-scalable monitoring system for PlanetLab
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Ensemble-level Power Management for Dense Blade Servers
Proceedings of the 33rd annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
Power provisioning for a warehouse-sized computer
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Live migration of virtual machines
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
VirtualPower: coordinated power management in virtualized enterprise systems
Proceedings of twenty-first ACM SIGOPS symposium on Operating systems principles
1000 Islands: Integrated Capacity and Workload Management for the Next Generation Data Center
ICAC '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Autonomic Computing
Generating Adaptation Policies for Multi-tier Applications in Consolidated Server Environments
ICAC '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Autonomic Computing
pMapper: Power and Migration Cost Aware Application Placement in Virtualized Systems
Middleware '08 Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 9th International Middleware Conference
Workload dynamics on clusters and grids
The Journal of Supercomputing
PowerNap: eliminating server idle power
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Future Generation Computer Systems
vManage: loosely coupled platform and virtualization management in data centers
ICAC '09 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Autonomic computing
Optimal power allocation in server farms
Proceedings of the eleventh international joint conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A cost-sensitive adaptation engine for server consolidation of multitier applications
Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Middleware
Shares and utilities based power consolidation in virtualized server environments
IM'09 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP/IEEE international conference on Symposium on Integrated Network Management
Cost of Virtual Machine Live Migration in Clouds: A Performance Evaluation
CloudCom '09 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cloud Computing
Towards energy-aware scheduling in data centers using machine learning
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Energy-Efficient Computing and Networking
Server workload analysis for power minimization using consolidation
USENIX'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on USENIX Annual technical conference
Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Middleware for Grids, Clouds and e-Science
Parallel computer workload modeling with markov chains
JSSPP'04 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing
Future Generation Computer Systems
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Quality architecture for resource allocation in cloud computing
ESOCC'12 Proceedings of the First European conference on Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing
E2DC'12 Proceedings of the First international conference on Energy Efficient Data Centers
A genetic algorithm for power-aware virtual machine allocation in private cloud
ICT-EurAsia'13 Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Information and Communication Technology
Smart cloud federation simulations with CloudSim
Proceedings of the first ACM workshop on Optimization techniques for resources management in clouds
Two levels autonomic resource management in virtualized IaaS
Future Generation Computer Systems
Autonomic resource provisioning in cloud systems with availability goals
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM Cloud and Autonomic Computing Conference
DynamicCloudSim: simulating heterogeneity in computational clouds
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGMOD Workshop on Scalable Workflow Execution Engines and Technologies
On minimizing the resource consumption of cloud applications using process migrations
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
A three-phase energy-saving strategy for cloud storage systems
Journal of Systems and Software
UCC '13 Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM 6th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing
UCC '13 Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM 6th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing
Energy Aware Consolidation Algorithm Based on K-Nearest Neighbor Regression for Cloud Data Centers
UCC '13 Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM 6th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing
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The rapid growth in demand for computational power driven by modern service applications combined with the shift to the Cloud computing model have led to the establishment of large-scale virtualized data centers. Such data centers consume enormous amounts of electrical energy resulting in high operating costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Dynamic consolidation of virtual machines (VMs) using live migration and switching idle nodes to the sleep mode allows Cloud providers to optimize resource usage and reduce energy consumption. However, the obligation of providing high quality of service to customers leads to the necessity in dealing with the energy-performance trade-off, as aggressive consolidation may lead to performance degradation. Because of the variability of workloads experienced by modern applications, the VM placement should be optimized continuously in an online manner. To understand the implications of the online nature of the problem, we conduct a competitive analysis and prove competitive ratios of optimal online deterministic algorithms for the single VM migration and dynamic VM consolidation problems. Furthermore, we propose novel adaptive heuristics for dynamic consolidation of VMs based on an analysis of historical data from the resource usage by VMs. The proposed algorithms significantly reduce energy consumption, while ensuring a high level of adherence to the service level agreement. We validate the high efficiency of the proposed algorithms by extensive simulations using real-world workload traces from more than a thousand PlanetLab VMs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.