Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Expressive expression mapping with ratio images
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Coding Facial Expressions with Gabor Wavelets
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
The CMU Pose, Illumination, and Expression (PIE) Database
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Face Recognition: the Problem of compensating for Changes in Illumination Direction
Face Recognition: the Problem of compensating for Changes in Illumination Direction
A 3D Facial Expression Database For Facial Behavior Research
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Post-production facial performance relighting using reflectance transfer
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Relighting from a Single Image under Arbitrary Unknown Lighting Conditions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Temporal upsampling of performance geometry using photometric alignment
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Non-rigid face tracking with enforced convexity and local appearance consistency constraint
Image and Vision Computing
Face illumination transfer through edge-preserving filters
CVPR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Rapid acquisition of specular and diffuse normal maps from polarized spherical gradient illumination
EGSR'07 Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Editorial: 3D facial behaviour analysis and understanding
Image and Vision Computing
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One of the main challenges in facial expression recognition is illumination invariance. Our long-term goal is to develop a system for automatic facial expression recognition that is robust to light variations. In this paper, we introduce a novel 3D Relightable Facial Expression (ICT-3DRFE) database that enables experimentation in the fields of both computer graphics and computer vision. The database contains 3D models for 23 subjects and 15 expressions, as well as photometric information that allow for photorealistic rendering. It is also facial action units annotated, using FACS standards. Using the ICT-3DRFE database we create an image set of different expressions/illuminations to study the effect of illumination on automatic expression recognition. We compared the output scores from automatic recognition with expert FACS annotations and found that they agree when the illumination is uniform. Our results show that the output distribution of the automatic recognition can change significantly with light variations and sometimes causes the discrimination of two different expressions to be diminished. We propose a ratio-based light transfer method, to factor out unwanted illuminations from given images and show that it reduces the effect of illumination on expression recognition.