SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Snap-dragging in three dimensions
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
ARCBALL: a user interface for specifying three-dimensional orientation using a mouse
Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '92
A graphics toolkit based on differential constraints
UIST '93 Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Object associations: a simple and practical approach to virtual 3D manipulation
I3D '95 Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Proceedings of the 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Image plane interaction techniques in 3D immersive environments
Proceedings of the 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Moving objects in space: exploiting proprioception in virtual-environment interaction
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Non-isomorphic 3D rotational techniques
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
“Put-that-there”: Voice and gesture at the graphics interface
SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
THRED: a two-handed design system
Multimedia Systems - Special issue on multimedia and multisensory virtual worlds
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Content creation for computer graphics applications is a laborious process that requires skilled personnel. One fundamental problem is that manipulation of 3D objects with 2D user interfaces is very difficult for nonexperienced users. In this paper, we describe a system that uses semantic constraints to restrict object motion in a 3D scene, making interaction much simpler and more intuitive. We compare three different levels of semantic constraints in a 3D scene manipulation program with a 2D user interface. We show that the presented techniques are significantly more efficient than alternate techniques, which do not use semantics in their constraints. To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of 3D manipulation techniques with 2D devices and constraints.