Machine interpretation of line drawings
Machine interpretation of line drawings
Emulating the human interpretation of line-drawings as three-dimensional objects
International Journal of Computer Vision
On the complexity of labeling perspective projections of polyhedral scenes
Artificial Intelligence
SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A graph-constructive approach to solving systems of geometric constraints
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Empirically-derived estimates of the complexity of labeling line drawings of polyhedral scenes
Artificial Intelligence
Engineering Graphics
Group Theoretical Methods in Image Understanding
Group Theoretical Methods in Image Understanding
Constrained fitting in reverse engineering
Computer Aided Geometric Design
Numerical Methods for Beautification of Reverse Engineered Geometric Models
GMP '02 Proceedings of the Geometric Modeling and Processing — Theory and Applications (GMP'02)
On the Numerical Redundancies of Geometric Constraint Systems
PG '01 Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Generating Semantic Descriptions From Drawings of Scenes With Shadows
Generating Semantic Descriptions From Drawings of Scenes With Shadows
Interpreting a 3D object from a rough 2D line drawing
VIS '90 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Visualization '90
Interpreting Line Drawings of Objects with K-Vertices
GMP '04 Proceedings of the Geometric Modeling and Processing 2004
Making the most of using depth reasoning to label line drawings of engineering objects
SM '04 Proceedings of the ninth ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applications
A two-stage approach for interpreting line drawings of curved objects
SBM'04 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
SESAME: towards better 3D conceptual design systems
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
Sketch-Based 3D-Shape Creation for Industrial Styling Design
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A survey of sketch-based 3-D modeling techniques
Interacting with Computers
Intuitive shape modeling by shading design
SG'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Smart Graphics
A two-stage approach for interpreting line drawings of curved objects
SBM'04 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
A sketching interface for 3D modeling of polyhedrons
SBM'06 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
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Engineering design would be easier if a computer could interpret initial concept drawings. We outline an approach for automated interpretation of line drawings of polyhedra, and summarise what is already possible, what developments can be expected in the near future, and which areas remain problematic. We illustrate this with particular reference to our own system, RIBALD, summarising the published state of the art, and discussing recent unpublished improvements to RIBALD. In general, successful interpretation depends on two factors: the number of lines, and whether or not the drawing can be classified as a member of special shape class (e.g. an extrusion or normalon). The state-of-the-art achieves correct interpretation of extrusions of any size and most normalons of 20—30 lines, but drawings of only 10—20 lines can be problematic for unclassified objects.Despite successes, there are caseswhere the desired interpretation is obvious to a human but cannot be determined by currently-available algorithms. We give examples both of our successes and of typical caseswhere human skill cannot be replicated.