Supporting presence in collaborative environments by haptic force feedback
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on human-computer interaction and collaborative virtual environments
The language of privacy: Learning from video media space analysis and design
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Strangers and friends: collaborative play in world of warcraft
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Multiview: improving trust in group video conferencing through spatial faithfulness
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Me and my avatar: exploring users' comfort with avatars for workplace communication
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
The aligned rank transform for nonparametric factorial analyses using only anova procedures
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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We conducted a study comparing avatar conferencing with video and audio conferencing for work scenarios. We studied nine four-person teams using a within-subjects design that measured users' perceptions and preferences across the conferencing conditions. Video was rated highest in all measures. Avatar and Audio were rated similarly, except for sociability, where Avatar was rated higher than Audio, and realism, where Avatar was rated lower than Audio. While users appreciated how avatar conferencing brought them together in a common virtual space, they found the cartoon avatars to be inappropriate for a professional discussion. As a result, participants preferred Video the most and Avatar the least for a business meeting. Lower ratings for the avatar condition were partly due to users' frustrations when the avatar system did not track them perfectly. When assuming a "perfect" system, preference for Avatar increased significantly while preference for Audio and Video remained unchanged.