The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Negotiated Collusion: Modeling Social Language and its Relationship Effects in Intelligent Agents
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Serious Games: Games That Educate, Train, and Inform
Serious Games: Games That Educate, Train, and Inform
ECA as user interface paradigm
From brows to trust
Crowd simulation for emergency response using BDI agent based on virtual reality
Proceedings of the 38th conference on Winter simulation
Intelligent Agents for Training On-Board Fire Fighting
ICDHM '09 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Digital Human Modeling: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Using linguistic cues for the automatic recognition of personality in conversation and text
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Explorations in player motivations: virtual agents
ICEC'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Entertainment computing
Virtual reality negotiation training increases negotiation knowledge and skill
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
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Serious games offer an opportunity for learning communication skills by practicing conversations with one or more virtual characters, provided that the character(s) behave in accordance with their assigned properties and strategies. This paper presents an approach for developing virtual characters by using the Belief-Desire-Intentions (BDI) concept. The BDI-framework was used to equip virtual characters with personality traits, and make them act accordingly. A sales game was developed as context: the player-trainee is a real-estate salesman; the virtual character is a potential buyer. The character could be modeled to behave either extravert or introvert; agreeable or non-agreeable; and combinations thereof. A human subjects study was conducted to examine whether naïve players experience the personality of the virtual characters in accordance with their assigned profile. The results unequivocally show that they do. The proposed approach is shown to be effective in creating individualized characters, it is flexible, and it is relatively easy to scale, adapt, and re-use developed models.