The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Affective computing
COLLAGEN: when agents collaborate with people
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Gandalf: an embodied humanoid capable of real-time multimodal dialogue with people
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Humor in task-oriented computer-mediated communication and human-computer interaction
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Attractors in recurrent behavior networks
Attractors in recurrent behavior networks
Viewpoint: taking the lead in licensing software engineers
Communications of the ACM
The elements of computer credibility
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Embodiment in conversational interfaces: Rea
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
More than just a pretty face: affordances of embodiment
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
The effects of animated characters on anxiety, task performance, and evaluations of user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Does computer-generated speech manifest personality? an experimental test of similarity-attraction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The impact of animated interface agents: a review of empirical research
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
External manifestations of trustworthiness in the interface
Communications of the ACM
Emotion and personality in a conversational agent
Embodied conversational agents
The PPP persona: a multipurpose animated presentation agent
AVI '96 Proceedings of the workshop on Advanced visual interfaces
A computational model of social perlocutions
COLING '98 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
Hosting activities: experience with and future directions for a robot agent host
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Interactive Improvisational Music Companionship: A User-Modeling Approach
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Multi-Agent Multi-User Modeling in I-Help
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Unspoken rules of spoken interaction
Communications of the ACM - Human-computer etiquette
Trust and etiquette in high-criticality automated systems
Communications of the ACM - Human-computer etiquette
Experimental evaluation of polite interaction tactics for pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Designing intelligent sales-agent for online selling
ICEC '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Electronic commerce
Ask & answer: an educational game where it pays to endear your capricious virtual companion
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
User modeling and adaptation in health promotion dialogs with an animated character
Journal of Biomedical Informatics - Special issue: Dialog systems for health communications
Understanding Agent-Based On-Line Persuasion and Bargaining Strategies: An Empirical Study
International Journal of Electronic Commerce
The design and evaluation of an intelligent sales agent for online persuasion and negotiation
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
The politeness effect: Pedagogical agents and learning outcomes
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The intermediary agent's brain: supporting learning to collaborate at the inter-personal level
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 3
Creating Rapport with Virtual Agents
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Model of Facial Expressions Management for an Embodied Conversational Agent
ACII '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
How Rude Are You?: Evaluating Politeness and Affect in Interaction
ACII '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Care - Making the Affective Leap: More Than a Concerned Interest in a Learner's Cognitive Abilities
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education - "Caring for the Learner" in honour of John Self
An options-based solution to the sequential auction problem
Artificial Intelligence
Learning effective and engaging strategies for advice-giving human-machine dialogue
Natural Language Engineering
The Politeness Effect: Pedagogical Agents and Learning Gains
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Coordination in conversation and rapport
EmbodiedNLP '07 Proceedings of the Workshop on Embodied Language Processing
ENLG '07 Proceedings of the Eleventh European Workshop on Natural Language Generation
Modeling the Personality of Participants During Group Interactions
UMAP '09 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization: formerly UM and AH
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Using emotion to gain rapport in a spoken dialog system
SRWS '09 Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Companion Volume: Student Research Workshop and Doctoral Consortium
Using linguistic cues for the automatic recognition of personality in conversation and text
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
The Friend: Socially-Intelligent Tutoring and Collaboration
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
'It's just like you talk to a friend' relational agents for older adults
Interacting with Computers
Social puppets: towards modular social animation for agents and avatars
OCSC'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Online communities and social computing
Towards personality-based user adaptation: psychologically informed stylistic language generation
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Employing social gaze and speaking activity for automatic determination of the Extraversion trait
International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and the Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction
Designing interruptive behaviors of a public environmental monitoring robot
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction
Achieving rapport with turn-by-turn, user-responsive emotional coloring
Speech Communication
Validity of a virtual negotiation training
IVA'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Controlling user perceptions of linguistic style: Trainable generation of personality traits
Computational Linguistics
System Personality and Persuasion in Human-Computer Dialogue
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
Usability attributes in virtual learning environments
Proceedings of The 8th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment: Playing the System
Proceedings of The 8th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment: Playing the System
A model for social regulation of user-agent relationships
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Empirical validation of an accommodation theory-based model of user-agent relationship
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
I Can Help You Change! An Empathic Virtual Agent Delivers Behavior Change Health Interventions
ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS) - Special Issue on Informatics for Smart Health and Wellbeing
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Building a collaborative trusting relationship with users is crucial in a wide range of applications, such as advice-giving or financial transactions, and some minimal degree of cooperativeness is required in all applications to even initiate and maintain an interaction with a user. Despite the importance of this aspect of human--human relationships, few intelligent systems have tried to build user models of trust, credibility, or other similar interpersonal variables, or to influence these variables during interaction with users. Humans use a variety of kinds of social language, including small talk, to establish collaborative trusting interpersonal relationships. We argue that such strategies can also be used by intelligent agents, and that embodied conversational agents are ideally suited for this task given the myriad multimodal cues available to them for managing conversation. In this article we describe a model of the relationship between social language and interpersonal relationships, a new kind of discourse planner that is capable of generating social language to achieve interpersonal goals, and an actual implementation in an embodied conversational agent. We discuss an evaluation of our system in which the use of social language was demonstrated to have a significant effect on users' perceptions of the agent's knowledgableness and ability to engage users, and on their trust, credibility, and how well they felt the system knew them, for users manifesting particular personality traits.