KQML as an agent communication language
CIKM '94 Proceedings of the third international conference on Information and knowledge management
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Situated facial displays: towards social interaction
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Lifelike computer characters: the persona project at Microsoft
Software agents
“Social” human-computer interaction
Human values and the design of computer technology
Integrating reactive and scripted behaviors in a life-like presentation agent
AGENTS '98 Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous agents
Embodiment in conversational interfaces: Rea
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Modality in dialogue: planning, pragmatics and computation
Modality in dialogue: planning, pragmatics and computation
Human conversation as a system framework: designing embodied conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
CHI '99 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Communicative humanoids: a computational model of psychosocial dialogue skills
Communicative humanoids: a computational model of psychosocial dialogue skills
Hosting activities: experience with and future directions for a robot agent host
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Sotto voce: exploring the interplay of conversation and mobile audio spaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Lessons learned in modeling schizophrenic and depressed responsive virtual humans for training
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Visages parlants: quels visages pour quelles voix ?
IHM '02 Proceedings of the 14th French-speaking conference on Human-computer interaction (Conférence Francophone sur l'Interaction Homme-Machine)
Practical strategies for integrating a conversation analyst in an iterative design process
DIS '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
All robots are not created equal: the design and perception of humanoid robot heads
DIS '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Negotiated Collusion: Modeling Social Language and its Relationship Effects in Intelligent Agents
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Talking Heads: Which Matching between Faces and Synthetic Voices?
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
PERCOMW '05 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops
Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Towards a model of face-to-face grounding
ACL '03 Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 1
Explorations in engagement for humans and robots
Artificial Intelligence
Special Education and Rehabilitation: Teaching and Healing with Interactive Graphics
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
The blind men and the elephant revisited
From brows to trust
Real faces and robot faces: The effects of representation on computer-mediated communication
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Modeling Appraisal in Theory of Mind Reasoning
IVA '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Affordances in Conversational Interactions with Multimodal QA Systems
USAB '08 Proceedings of the 4th Symposium of the Workgroup Human-Computer Interaction and Usability Engineering of the Austrian Computer Society on HCI and Usability for Education and Work
Affordances and Cognitive Walkthrough for Analyzing Human-Virtual Human Interaction
Verbal and Nonverbal Features of Human-Human and Human-Machine Interaction
Design and validation of ECA gestures to improve dialogue system robustness
EmbodiedNLP '07 Proceedings of the Workshop on Embodied Language Processing
Anthropomorphic Systems: An Approach for Categorization
IDGD '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Internationalization, Design and Global Development: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Explorations in engagement for humans and robots
Artificial Intelligence
Affective composites: autonomy and proxy in pedagogical agent networks
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Turn taking for artificial conversational agents
CIA'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Cooperative Information Agents
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Prior research into embodied interface agents has found that users like them and find them engaging. In this paper, we argue that embodiment can serve an even stronger function if system designers use actual human conversational protocols in the design of the interface. Communicative behaviors such as salutations and farewells, conversational turn-taking with interruptions, and referring to objects using pointing gestures are examples of protocols that all native speakers of a language already know how to perform and that can thus be leveraged in an intelligent interface. We discuss how these protocols are integrated into Rea, an embodied, multi-modal conversational interface agent who acts as a real-estate salesperson, and we show why embodiment is required for their successful implementation.