Towards a model of face-to-face grounding

  • Authors:

  • Yukiko I. Nakano;Gabe Reinstein;Tom Stocky;Justine Cassell

  • Affiliations:

  • MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA;MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA;MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA;Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society (RISTEX), Tokyo, Japan

  • Venue:
  • ACL '03 Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 1
  • Year:
  • 2003

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Abstract

We investigate the verbal and nonverbal means for grounding, and propose a design for embodied conversational agents that relies on both kinds of signals to establish common ground in human-computer interaction. We analyzed eye gaze, head nods and attentional focus in the context of a direction-giving task. The distribution of nonverbal behaviors differed depending on the type of dialogue move being grounded, and the overall pattern reflected a monitoring of lack of negative feedback. Based on these results, we present an ECA that uses verbal and nonverbal grounding acts to update dialogue state.