New technological windows into mind: there is more in eyes and brains for human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Manual and gaze input cascaded (MAGIC) pointing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Eye gaze patterns in conversations: there is more to conversational agents than meets the eyes
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Messages embedded in gaze of interface agents --- impression management with agent's gaze
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Twenty years of eye typing: systems and design issues
ETRA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Embodied agents for multi-party dialogue in immersive virtual worlds
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 2
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Direct Estimation of Motion and Extended Scene Structure from a Moving Stereo Rig
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Motion Regularization for Model-Based Head Tracking
ICPR '96 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR '96) Volume III-Volume 7276 - Volume 7276
Pose Estimation using 3D View-Based Eigenspaces
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
A free-head, simple calibration, gaze tracking system that enables gaze-based interaction
Proceedings of the 2004 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Teaching and Working with Robots as a Collaboration
AAMAS '04 Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 3
Conversing with the user based on eye-gaze patterns
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
Towards a model of face-to-face grounding
ACL '03 Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 1
Contextual recognition of head gestures
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Explorations in engagement for humans and robots
Artificial Intelligence
A single camera eye-gaze tracking system with free head motion
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Adaptive view-based appearance models
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
A cascaded scheme for eye tracking and head movement compensation
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
ICMI '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Conditional sequence model for context-based recognition of gaze aversion
MLMI'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Machine learning for multimodal interaction
EMNLP '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and the Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction
Conversation scene analysis based on dynamic Bayesian network and image-based gaze detection
International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and the Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction
ICIAP'11 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Image analysis and processing: Part I
Toward multimodal situated analysis
ICMI '11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on multimodal interfaces
Adaptive eye gaze patterns in interactions with human and artificial agents
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
Gaze tracking in wide area using multiple camera observations
Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
Designing engagement-aware agents for multiparty conversations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Gaze and turn-taking behavior in casual conversational interactions
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) - Special issue on interaction with smart objects, Special section on eye gaze and conversation
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Eye gaze offers several key cues regarding conversational discourse during face-to-face interaction between people. While a large body of research results exist to document the use of gaze in human-to-human interaction, and in animating realistic embodied avatars, recognition of conversational eye gestures - distinct eye movement patterns relevant to discourse - has received less attention. We analyze eye gestures during interaction with an animated embodied agent and propose a non-intrusive vision-based approach to estimate eye gaze and recognize eye gestures. In our user study, human participants avert their gaze (i.e. with "look-away" or "thinking" gestures) during periods of cognitive load. Using our approach, an agent can visually differentiate whether a user is thinking about a response or is waiting for the agent or robot to take its turn.