The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Recognition of Affective Communicative Intent in Robot-Directed Speech
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Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Providing route directions: design of robot's utterance, gesture, and timing
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Head motions during dialogue speech and nod timing control in humanoid robots
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
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Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction
Generation of nodding, head tilting and eye gazing for human-robot dialogue interaction
HRI '12 Proceedings of the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-Robot Interaction
HRI '12 Proceedings of the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-Robot Interaction
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International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Engaging robots: easing complex human-robot teamwork using backchanneling
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ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
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This paper reports on a study of human participants with a robot designed to participate in a collaborative conversation with a human. The purpose of the study was to investigate a particular kind of gestural feedback from human to the robot in these conversations: head nods. During these conversations, the robot recognized head nods from the human participant. The conversations between human and robot concern demonstrations of inventions created in a lab. We briefly discuss the robot hardware and architecture and then focus the paper on a study of the effects of understanding head nods in three different conditions. We conclude that conversation itself triggers head nods by people in human-robot conversations and that telling participants that the robot recognizes their nods as well as having the robot provide gestural feedback of its nod recognition is effective in producing more nods.