Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Communications of the ACM
Coordination mechanisms: towards a conceptual foundation of CSCW systems design
Computer Supported Cooperative Work - Special issue on the design of cooperative systems
Electronic behaviour settings fo CSCW
AI & Society - Special issue on computer-supported cooperative
The Metamorphoses of Workflow Projects in their Early Stages
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Let's go to the whiteboard: how and why software developers use drawings
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Teachers' and tutors' social reflection around SenseCam images
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Activity labeling in process modeling: Empirical insights and recommendations
Information Systems
Business process management: a survey
BPM'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Business process management
What makes process models understandable?
BPM'07 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Business process management
How novices model business processes
BPM'10 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Business process management
A collaborative approach to maturing process-related knowledge
BPM'10 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Business process management
Seamless integration of collaborative creativity techniques into group process modelling
Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference
Collaborative Modeling: Roles, Activities and Team Organization
International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design
Awareness Support for Combining Individual and Collaborative Process Design in Co-located Meetings
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Collaborative Usage and Development of Models: State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities
International Journal of e-Collaboration
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Can normal people use process models for self-directed cooperation, that is, without expert guidance? According to modeling experts and corresponding contemporary research, they cannot, because they lack competencies for such usage. While the importance of artifacts such as texts, pictures and diagrams to cooperative work has been shown in many studies in CSCW and related fields, there are no answers to this question from our discipline. This paper aims at exploring this contradictory situation by exploring how users without or with little modeling practice work with models. Based on an exploratory study, we show opportunities and barriers to self-directed cooperative work with models and derive requirements for tool support. These results are compared with existing work and show that despite the special characteristics of process models, patterns known from the usage of other artifacts can also be observed in cooperative work with models. Users also showed behavior typically attributed to modeling experts, thus transcending such generic cooperation tasks.