On temporal-spatial realism in the virtual reality environment
UIST '91 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Computer puppetry: An importance-based approach
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Linear combination of transformations
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Exploring collaborative navigation:: the effect of perspectives on group performance
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
Casting curved shadows on curved surfaces
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fusion of Vision and Gyro Tracking for Robust Augmented Reality Registration
VR '01 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR'01)
Inertial Head-Tracker Sensor Fusion by a Complimentary Separate-Bias Kalman Filter
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
The benefits of third-person perspective in virtual and augmented reality?
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Crowdsourcing user studies with Mechanical Turk
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Re-cinematography: Improving the camerawork of casual video
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Real-time digital image stabilization system using modified proportional integrated controller
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Are your participants gaming the system?: screening mechanical turk workers
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Virtual camera planning: a survey
SG'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Smart Graphics
Auto-directed video stabilization with robust L1 optimal camera paths
CVPR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Effective Replays and Summarization of Virtual Experiences
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Robust digital image stabilization using the Kalman filter
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
System-on-Chip Solution of Video Stabilization for CMOS Image Sensors in Hand-Held Devices
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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Externally observing the experience of a participant in a virtual environment is generally accomplished by viewing an egocentric perspective. Monitoring this view can often be difficult for others to watch due to unwanted camera motions that appear unnatural and unmotivated. We present a novel method for reducing the unnaturalness of these camera motions by minimizing camera movement while maintaining the context of the participant's observations. For each time-step, we compare the parts of the scene viewed by the virtual participant to the parts of the scene viewed by the camera. Based on the similarity of these two viewpoints we next determine how the camera should be adjusted. We present two means of adjustment, one which continuously adjusts the camera and a second which attempts to stop camera movement when possible. Empirical evaluation shows that our method can produce paths that have substantially shorter travel distances, are easier to watch and maintain the original observations of the participant's virtual experience.