An experimental evaluation of computer graphics imagery
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Exploring perceptual equivalence between real and simulated imagery
APGV '05 Proceedings of the 2nd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Perception of simplification artifacts for animated characters
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
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While efforts to create realistic images have generated break-throughs in computer graphics modeling, there has been little research to date on factors causing people to perceive images as real versus computer-generated (CG). The motivation of the current experiment is to begin investigating such factors. We showed both computer-graphics experts and laypersons real photos and CG images. Photo and CG images were of three types: original, modified to show only intrinsic reflectance components, and modified to show only intrinsic shading components (grayscale). Participants judged whether each image was a real photo or a CG image. Results showed that visual realism depends not only on image properties, but also on cognitive characteristics of viewers. Shading was especially crucial for visual realism. Color was also important. Experts outperformed laypersons, but their advantage was limited to grayscale images. This research at the interface between human cognition and computer vision is a starting point for investigating the factors underlying visual realism.