Good vibrations: modal dynamics for graphics and animation
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design - Special issue on computational modeling of aircraft structures
ArtDefo: accurate real time deformable objects
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Dynamic real-time deformations using space & time adaptive sampling
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
CHARMS: a simple framework for adaptive simulation
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
BD-tree: output-sensitive collision detection for reduced deformable models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Quasi-rigid objects in contact
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Real-Time subspace integration for St. Venant-Kirchhoff deformable models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Optimizing cubature for efficient integration of subspace deformations
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
A point-based method for animating elastoplastic solids
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Skipping steps in deformable simulation with online model reduction
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
Subspace self-collision culling
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Example-based elastic materials
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Sparse meshless models of complex deformable solids
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Real-time large-deformation substructuring
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Physics-based character skinning using multi-domain subspace deformations
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Real-time example-based elastic deformation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
An efficient construction of reduced deformable objects
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
FORK-1S: interactive compliant mechanisms with parallel state computation
Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
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Subspace techniques greatly reduce the cost of nonlinear simulation by approximating deformations with a small custom basis. In order to represent the deformations well (in terms of a global metric), the basis functions usually have global support, and cannot capture localized deformations. While reduced-space basis functions can be localized to some extent, capturing truly local deformations would still require a very large number of precomputed basis functions, significantly degrading both precomputation and online performance. We present an efficient approach to handling local deformations that cannot be predicted, most commonly arising from contact and collisions, by augmenting the subspace basis with custom functions derived from analytic solutions to static loading problems. We also present a new cubature scheme designed to facilitate fast computation of the necessary runtime quantities while undergoing a changing basis. Our examples yield a two order of magnitude speedup over full-coordinate simulations, striking a desirable balance between runtime speeds and expressive ability.