SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Dynamic deformation of solid primitives with constraints
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ArtDefo: accurate real time deformable objects
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Pose space deformation: a unified approach to shape interpolation and skeleton-driven deformation
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
I3D '01 Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
EigenSkin: real time large deformation character skinning in hardware
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
DyRT: dynamic response textures for real time deformation simulation with graphics hardware
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive skeleton-driven dynamic deformations
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Physically Based Models with Rigid and Deformable Components
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Building efficient, accurate character skins from examples
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
A Preconditioner for Substructuring Based on Constrained Energy Minimization
SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
BD-tree: output-sensitive collision detection for reduced deformable models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Invertible finite elements for robust simulation of large deformation
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Modal Warping: Real-Time Simulation of Large Rotational Deformation and Manipulation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Meshless deformations based on shape matching
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Real-Time subspace integration for St. Venant-Kirchhoff deformable models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Robust quasistatic finite elements and flesh simulation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
An efficient large deformation method using domain decomposition
Computers and Graphics
Automatic rigging and animation of 3D characters
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Real-time enveloping with rotational regression
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
FastLSM: fast lattice shape matching for robust real-time deformation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Mesh Ensemble Motion Graphs: Data-driven mesh animation with constraints
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Staggered projections for frictional contact in multibody systems
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Optimizing cubature for efficient integration of subspace deformations
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Geometric skinning with approximate dual quaternion blending
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Modular bases for fluid dynamics
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Harmonic shells: a practical nonlinear sound model for near-rigid thin shells
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
Skipping steps in deformable simulation with online model reduction
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
DrivenShape: a data-driven approach for shape deformation
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Flexible simulation of deformable models using discontinuous Galerkin FEM
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Real-time large-deformation substructuring
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Elasticity-inspired deformers for character articulation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
Smooth skinning decomposition with rigid bones
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
Subspace integration with local deformations
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Interactive authoring of simulation-ready plants
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Non-polynomial Galerkin projection on deforming meshes
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Geodesic voxel binding for production character meshes
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
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We propose a domain-decomposition method to simulate articulated deformable characters entirely within a subspace framework. The method supports quasistatic and dynamic deformations, nonlinear kinematics and materials, and can achieve interactive time-stepping rates. To avoid artificial rigidity, or "locking," associated with coupling low-rank domain models together with hard constraints, we employ penalty-based coupling forces. The multi-domain subspace integrator can simulate deformations efficiently, and exploits efficient subspace-only evaluation of constraint forces between rotated domains using a novel Fast Sandwich Transform (FST). Examples are presented for articulated characters with quasistatic and dynamic deformations, and interactive performance with hundreds of fully coupled modes. Using our method, we have observed speedups of between three and four orders of magnitude over full-rank, unreduced simulations.