Graphical applications of L-systems
Proceedings on Graphics Interface '86/Vision Interface '86
Good vibrations: modal dynamics for graphics and animation
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Introduction to algorithms
Modeling and animation of botanical trees for interactive virtual environments
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
A multiresolution framework for dynamic deformations
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
DyRT: dynamic response textures for real time deformation simulation with graphics hardware
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive Modeling of Plants
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Animating real-time realistic movements in small plants
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Simulation levels of detail for plant motion
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Meshless deformations based on shape matching
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Real-Time subspace integration for St. Venant-Kirchhoff deformable models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Squashing cubes: automating deformable model construction for graphics
SIGGRAPH '04 ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Sketches
Oriented strands: dynamics of stiff multi-body system
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Isosurface stuffing: fast tetrahedral meshes with good dihedral angles
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Mesh Ensemble Motion Graphs: Data-driven mesh animation with constraints
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Precomputing data-driven tree animation
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - CASA 2007
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Interactive physically-based shape editing
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling
Fast Simulation of Realistic Trees
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Deformable object animation using reduced optimal control
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Capture and modeling of non-linear heterogeneous soft tissue
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Real-time deformation and fracture in a game environment
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Unified simulation of elastic rods, shells, and solids
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2010 papers
Point Cloud Glue: constraining simulations using the procrustes transform
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Real-time large-deformation substructuring
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Solid simulation with oriented particles
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Digital Design of Nature: Computer Generated Plants and Organics
Digital Design of Nature: Computer Generated Plants and Organics
Physics-based character skinning using multi-domain subspace deformations
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Optimization for sag-free simulations
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Quasi-physical simulation of large-scale dynamic forest scenes
CGI'06 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Computer Graphics
Plastic trees: interactive self-adapting botanical tree models
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
TreeSketch: interactive procedural modeling of trees on a tablet
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Realistic animation of interactive trees
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics - CGI'2012 Conference
Analyzing growing plants from 4D point cloud data
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
An efficient construction of reduced deformable objects
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
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Physically based simulation can produce quality motion of plants, but requires an authoring stage to convert plant "polygon soup" triangle meshes to a format suitable for physically based simulation. We give a system that can author complex simulation-ready plants in a manner of minutes. Our system decomposes the plant geometry, establishes a hierarchy, builds and connects simulation meshes, and detects instances. It scales to anatomically realistic geometry of adult plants, is robust to non-manifold input geometry, gaps between branches or leaves, free-flying leaves not connected to any branch, spurious geometry, and plant self-collisions in the input configuration. We demonstrate the results using a FEM model reduction simulator that can compute large-deformation dynamics of complex plants at interactive rates, subject to user forces, gravity or randomized wind. We also provide plant fracture (with pre-specified patterns), inverse kinematics to easily pose plants, as well as interactive design of plant material properties. We authored and simulated over 100 plants from diverse climates and geographic regions, including broadleaf (deciduous) trees and conifers, bushes and flowers. Our largest simulations involve anatomically realistic adult trees with hundreds of branches and over 100,000 leaves.