Connections: new ways of working in the networked organization
Connections: new ways of working in the networked organization
The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
Community Building on the Web: Secret Strategies for Successful Online Communities
Community Building on the Web: Secret Strategies for Successful Online Communities
Communities in Cyberspace
Information Systems Research
Learning About Failure: Bankruptcy, Firm Age, and the Resource-Based View
Organization Science
The Organizers Ecology: An Empirical Study of Foreign Banks in Shanghai
Organization Science
Cultivating Trust and Harvesting Value in Virtual Communities
Management Science
Competition Among Virtual Communities and User Valuation: The Case of Investing-Related Communities
Information Systems Research
Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata, Second Edition
Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata, Second Edition
The Effects of Competition on Referral Alliances of Professional Service Firms
Organization Science
An empirical study of critical mass and online community survival
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Is the Internet a maturing market?
Communications of the ACM
Marginality and Problem-Solving Effectiveness in Broadcast Search
Organization Science
A multimethod study of information quality in wiki collaboration
ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS)
Knowledge Collaboration in Online Communities
Organization Science
Network Exchange Patterns in Online Communities
Organization Science
The Core and Cosmopolitans: A Relational View of Innovation in User Communities
Organization Science
The Cross-Purposes of Cross-Posting: Boundary Reshaping Behavior in Online Discussion Communities
Information Systems Research
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The dominant narrative of the Internet has been one of unconstrained growth, abundance, and plenitude. It is in this context that new forms of organizing, such as online groups, have emerged. However, the same factors that underlie the utopian narrative of Internet life also give rise to numerous online groups, many of which fail to attract participants or to provide significant value. This suggests that despite the potential transformative nature of modern information technology, issues of scarcity, competition, and context may remain critical to the performance and functioning of online groups. In this paper, we draw from organizational ecology theories to develop an ecological view of online groups to explain how overlapping membership among online groups causes intergroup competition for member attention and affects a group's ability to grow. Hypotheses regarding the effects of group size, age, and membership overlap on growth are proposed and tested with data from a 64-month, longitudinal sample of 240 online discussion groups. The analysis shows that sharing members with other groups reduced future growth rates, suggesting that membership overlap puts competitive pressure on online groups. Our results also suggest that, compared with smaller and younger groups, larger and older groups experience greater difficulty in growing their membership. In addition, larger groups were more vulnerable to competitive pressure than smaller groups: larger groups experienced greater difficulty in growing their membership than smaller groups as competition intensified. Overall, our findings show how an abundance of opportunities afforded by technologies can create scarcity in user time and effort, which increases competitive pressure on online groups. Our ecological view extends organizational ecology theory to new organizational forms online and highlights the importance of studying the competitive environment of online groups.