Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Evaluating an ambient display for the home
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Putting Haptics into the Ambience
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
Keep in touch: channel, expectation and experience
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluating ambient displays in the wild: highlighting social aspects of use in public settings
Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference
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We conducted an initial attempt to study the boundaries of peripheral perception using vibro-tactile stimuli. For three days, we exposed 12 subjects to a continual vibration pattern created by a mobile device worn in the trouser pocket. In order to guarantee that the stimuli would not require the subjects' focal attention, they were asked to set the vibration intensity to just above their personal detection threshold when sitting still. At random intervals, the vibration stopped. Participants were asked to acknowledge these events as soon as they noticed. Our findings reveal that only 16.7% of events were acknowledged within one minute, and participants reported not to be annoyed by the signal in more than 95% of the events. These results provide first evidence that vibration patterns can form non-annoying, light-weight information displays, which can be consumed at the periphery of attention.