Natural Interfaces to Enhance Visitors' Experiences
IEEE MultiMedia
Getting a grip on tangible interaction: a framework on physical space and social interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interacting with Computers
An exploratory study of input modalities for mobile devices used with museum exhibits
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Toward an embodied-interaction design framework for mathematical concepts
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children
Don't forget about the sweat: effortful embodied interaction in support of learning
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
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This paper describes an empirical study conducted to explore the expressive design space for what we dub "effortful interaction." Effortful interaction is a form of human-computer interaction where different degrees of physical effort are intentionally incorporated into the interaction design in order to communicate information. In this sense effortful interaction is similar to haptics, where devices provide physical force feedback to users, except the perceived feedback occurs entirely within users' proprioception: i.e., users' perception of their own bodies. Our larger design goal is to use effortful interaction to communicate quantitative information to children who aren't yet proficient with graphs. First, though, we had to establish if we could reliably induce sensations of effort. This study examined the sensitivity of children to three different design parameters (the duration of interaction, the intensity required by the interaction, and the physical modality of the interaction), and compares their responses to those of adults.