Unified theories of cognition
Markov models of search state patterns in a hypertext information retrieval system
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Helping people find what they don't know
Communications of the ACM
Machine Learning
The effects of domain knowledge on search tactic formulation
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Eye-tracking analysis of user behavior in WWW search
Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
What are you looking for?: an eye-tracking study of information usage in web search
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An eye tracking study of the effect of target rank on web search
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Eye movements as implicit relevance feedback
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Eye tracking and online search: Lessons learned and challenges ahead
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Query expansion using gaze-based feedback on the subdocument level
Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Differences between informational and transactional tasks in information seeking on the web
Proceedings of the second international symposium on Information interaction in context
Learning Deep Architectures for AI
Foundations and Trends® in Machine Learning
Search behaviors in different task types
Proceedings of the 10th annual joint conference on Digital libraries
Personalizing information retrieval for multi-session tasks: the roles of task stage and task type
Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Are self-assessments reliable indicators of topic knowledge?
Proceedings of the 73rd ASIS&T Annual Meeting on Navigating Streams in an Information Ecosystem - Volume 47
Inferring word relevance from eye-movements of readers
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Linking search tasks with low-level eye movement patterns
Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics
Knowledge effects on document selection in search results pages
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
Predicting users' domain knowledge from search behaviors
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
A data analysis and modelling framework for the evaluation of interactive information retrieval
ECIR'2010 Proceedings of the 32nd European conference on Advances in Information Retrieval
E-Z Reader: A cognitive-control, serial-attention model of eye-movement behavior during reading
Cognitive Systems Research
Expertise estimation based on simple multimodal features
Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction
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The acquisition of information and the search interaction process is influenced strongly by a person's use of their knowledge of the domain and the task. In this paper we show that a user's level of domain knowledge can be inferred from their interactive search behaviors without considering the content of queries or documents. A technique is presented to model a user's information acquisition process during search using only measurements of eye movement patterns. In a user study (n=40) of search in the domain of genomics, a representation of the participant's domain knowledge was constructed using self-ratings of knowledge of genomics-related terms (n=409). Cognitive effort features associated with reading eye movement patterns were calculated for each reading instance during the search tasks. The results show correlations between the cognitive effort due to reading and an individual's level of domain knowledge. We construct exploratory regression models that suggest it is possible to build models that can make predictions of the user's level of knowledge based on real-time measurements of eye movement patterns during a task session.