The active badge location system
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The Cricket location-support system
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Activity and Location Recognition Using Wearable Sensors
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Pervasive '02 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pervasive Computing
Indoor Navigation Using a Diverse Set of Cheap, Wearable Sensors
ISWC '99 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Inertial and magnetic sensing of human movement near ferromagnetic materials
ISMAR '03 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Accuracy characterization for metropolitan-scale Wi-Fi localization
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Indoor Localization Using Camera Phones
WMCSA '06 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications
Reducing the Calibration Effort for Probabilistic Indoor Location Estimation
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
The SkyLoc Floor Localization System
PERCOM '07 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
LuxTrace: indoor positioning using building illumination
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Advanced integration of WIFI and inertial navigation systems for indoor mobile positioning
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Chromosome classification using dynamic time warping
Pattern Recognition Letters
Pedestrian localisation for indoor environments
UbiComp '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ubiquitous computing
AAMPL: accelerometer augmented mobile phone localization
Proceedings of the first ACM international workshop on Mobile entity localization and tracking in GPS-less environments
Bayesian Filtering for Location Estimation
IEEE Pervasive Computing
GammaSense: Infrastructureless Positioning Using Background Radioactivity
EuroSSC '08 Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Smart Sensing and Context
SurroundSense: mobile phone localization using ambient sound and light
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
High-level goal recognition in a wireless LAN
AAAI'04 Proceedings of the 19th national conference on Artifical intelligence
txteagle: Mobile Crowdsourcing
IDGD '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Internationalization, Design and Global Development: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Global indoor self-localization based on the ambient magnetic field
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
CSE '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering - Volume 04
Did you see Bob?: human localization using mobile phones
Proceedings of the sixteenth annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Location-based crowdsourcing: extending crowdsourcing to the real world
Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries
Learning travel recommendations from user-generated GPS traces
ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)
Indoor location sensing using geo-magnetism
MobiSys '11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Tracking vehicular speed variations by warping mobile phone signal strengths
PERCOM '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
Accurate GSM indoor localization
UbiComp'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-GaussianBayesian tracking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Survey of Wireless Indoor Positioning Techniques and Systems
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
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Fine-grained localization is extremely important to accurately locate a user indoors. Although innovative solutions have already been proposed, there is no solution that is universally accepted, easily implemented, user centric, and, most importantly, works in the absence of GSM coverage or WiFi availability. The advent of sensor rich smartphones has paved a way to develop a solution that can cater to these requirements. By employing a smartphone's built-in magnetic field sensor, magnetic signatures were collected inside buildings. These signatures displayed a uniqueness in their patterns due to the presence of different kinds of pillars, doors, elevators, etc., that consist of ferromagnetic materials like steel or iron. We theoretically analyze the cause of this uniqueness and then present an indoor localization solution by classifying signatures based on their patterns. However, to account for user walking speed variations so as to provide an application usable to a variety of users, we follow a dynamic time-warping-based approach that is known to work on similar signals irrespective of their variations in the time axis. Our approach resulted in localization distances of approximately 2m--6m with accuracies between 80--100% implying that it is sufficient to walk short distances across hallways to be located by the smartphone. The implementation of the application on different smartphones yielded response times of less than five secs, thereby validating the feasibility of our approach and making it a viable solution.