The actuated workbench: computer-controlled actuation in tabletop tangible interfaces
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Haptic chameleon: a new concept of shape-changing user interface controls with force feedback
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Emerging technologies
Providing dynamically changeable physical buttons on a visual display
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Understanding users' preferences for surface gestures
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
ForceForm: a dynamically deformable interactive surface
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international conference on Interactive tabletops and surfaces
Achieving soft and directly deformable interaction on tabletop interactive surfaces
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international conference on Interactive tabletops and surfaces
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Touch surfaces are common devices but they are often uniformly flat and provide little flexibility beyond changing the visual information communicated to the user via software. Furthermore, controls for interaction are not tangible and are usually specified and placed by the user interface designer. Using ForceForm, a dynamically deformable interactive surface, the user is able to directly sculpt the surface to create tangible controls with force feedback properties. These controls can be made according to the user's specifications, and can then be relinquished when no longer needed. We describe this method of interaction, provide an implementation of a slider, and ideas for further controls.