The Horus WLAN location determination system
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Context-for-wireless: context-sensitive energy-efficient wireless data transfer
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
Wireless wakeups revisited: energy management for voip over wi-fi smartphones
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
Pervasive '08 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Pervasive Computing
Design and implementation of a high-fidelity AC metering network
IPSN '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks
Energy consumption in mobile phones: a measurement study and implications for network applications
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
The energy dashboard: improving the visibility of energy consumption at a campus-wide scale
Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings
An analysis of power consumption in a smartphone
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
Indoor localization without the pain
Proceedings of the sixteenth annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
sMAP: a simple measurement and actuation profile for physical information
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Occupancy-driven energy management for smart building automation
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building
CODES/ISSS '10 Proceedings of the eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Indoor location sensing using geo-magnetism
MobiSys '11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Sensor andrew: large-scale campus-wide sensing and actuation
IBM Journal of Research and Development
The hitchhiker's guide to successful residential sensing deployments
Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
PowerLine positioning: a practical sub-room-level indoor location system for domestic use
UbiComp'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
@scale: insights from a large, long-lived appliance energy WSN
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks
Measuring building occupancy using existing network infrastructure
IGCC '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Green Computing Conference and Workshops
On the empirical performance of self-calibrating WiFi location systems
LCN '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 36th Conference on Local Computer Networks
No need to war-drive: unsupervised indoor localization
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
BuildSys '12 Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings
SensorAct: a privacy and security aware federated middleware for building management
BuildSys '12 Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings
Indoor pseudo-ranging of mobile devices using ultrasonic chirps
Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems
A living laboratory study in personalized automated lighting controls
Proceedings of the Third ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings
POEM: power-efficient occupancy-based energy management system
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
BOSS: building operating system services
nsdi'13 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
BuildingDepot 2.0: An Integrated Management System for Building Analysis and Control
Proceedings of the 5th ACM Workshop on Embedded Systems For Energy-Efficient Buildings
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Commercial buildings contribute to 19% of the primary energy consumption in the US, with HVAC systems accounting for 39.6% of this usage. To reduce HVAC energy use, prior studies have proposed using wireless occupancy sensors or even cameras for occupancy based actuation showing energy savings of up to 42%. However, most of these solutions require these sensors and the associated network to be designed, deployed, tested and maintained within existing buildings which is significantly costly. We present Sentinel, a system that leverages existing WiFi infrastructure in commercial buildings along with smartphones with WiFi connectivity carried by building occupants to provide fine-grained occupancy based HVAC actuation. We have implemented Sentinel on top of RESTful web services, and demonstrate that it is scalable and compatible with legacy building management. We show that Sentinel accurately determines the occupancy in office spaces 86% of the time, with 6.2% false negative errors. We high-light the reasons for the inaccuracies, mostly attributed to aggressive power management by smartphones. Finally, we actuate 23% of the HVAC zones within a commercial building using Sentinel for one day and measure HVAC electrical energy savings of 17.8%.