Response time and display rate in human performance with computers
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
System response time operator productivity, and job satisfaction
Communications of the ACM
Exploring the Web with reconnaissance agents
Communications of the ACM
Slow Technology – Designing for Reflection
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Actions, answers, and uncertainty: a decision-making perspective on Web-based question answering
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue: Bayesian networks and information retrieval
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Exploiting underrepresented query aspects for automatic query expansion
Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
QuME: a mechanism to support expertise finding in online help-seeking communities
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Enhancing web search by promoting multiple search engine use
Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
mimir: a market-based real-time question and answer service
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Web search and browsing behavior under poor connectivity
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploratory Search
Improved techniques for result caching in web search engines
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web
Efficiency trade-offs in two-tier web search systems
Proceedings of the 32nd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
A comparison of query and term suggestion features for interactive searching
Proceedings of the 32nd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Characterizing and predicting search engine switching behavior
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
Large scale query log analysis of re-finding
Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
What do people ask their social networks, and why?: a survey study of status message q&a behavior
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
VizWiz: nearly real-time answers to visual questions
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Ranking under temporal constraints
CIKM '10 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Improving AbraQ: An Automatic Query Expansion Algorithm
WI-IAT '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 01
Addressing people's information needs directly in a web search result page
Proceedings of the 20th international conference on World wide web
Modeling and analysis of cross-session search tasks
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
Direct answers for search queries in the long tail
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Time-based calibration of effectiveness measures
SIGIR '12 Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Modeling user variance in time-biased gain
Proceedings of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction and Information Retrieval
Communications of the ACM
Pairwise ranking aggregation in a crowdsourced setting
Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Characterizing and supporting cross-device search tasks
Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Analyzing crowd workers in mobile pay-for-answer q&a
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Significant time and effort has been devoted to reducing the time between query receipt and search engine response, and for good reason. Research suggests that even slightly higher retrieval latency by Web search engines can lead to dramatic decreases in users' perceptions of result quality and engagement with the search results. While users have come to expect rapid responses from search engines, recent advances in our understanding of how people find information suggest that there are scenarios where a search engine could take significantly longer than a fraction of a second to return relevant content. This raises the important question: What would search look like if search engines were not constrained by existing expectations for speed? In this paper, we explore slow search, a class of search where traditional speed requirements are relaxed in favor of a high quality search experience. Via large-scale log analysis and user surveys, we examine how individuals value time when searching. We confirm that speed is important, but also show that there are many search situations where result quality is more important. This highlights intriguing opportunities for search systems to support new search experiences with high quality result content that takes time to identify. Slow search has the potential to change the search experience as we know it.