Methods for image authentication: a survey
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Recover the tampered image based on VQ indexing
Signal Processing
Content-based image authentication: current status, issues, and challenges
International Journal of Information Security
Image self-embedding with high-quality restoration capability
Digital Signal Processing
Secret and public key image watermarking schemes for image authentication and ownership verification
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Performance Analysis of a Block-Neighborhood-Based Self-Recovery Fragile Watermarking Scheme
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - Part 2
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Combined average encoding with vector quantization (VQ) encoding, a new self-embedding fragile watermarking scheme is proposed. To take into account watermark payload, localization accuracy and recovery quality, the 6-bit average-watermark of a 2×2 original block and the 8-bit VQ-watermark of a 4×4 block of image high-frequency component are generated and hidden in the corresponding mapping blocks of them based on secret key, respectively. To improve the tamper detection performance, the validity of a 2×2 block is determined by combining the average-watermark with the VQ-watermark. The average, VQ and inpainting recovery operations are executed in sequence to improve the recovery quality especially for a larger tampering ratio. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only provides a better invisibility and security against the known counterfeiting attacks, but also allows image recovery with an acceptable visual quality up to 70% tampering ratios.