Using force feedback to enhance human performance in graphical user interfaces
Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The String-to-String Correction Problem
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Ambient touch: designing tactile interfaces for handheld devices
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Active click: tactile feedback for touch panels
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Tactile virtual buttons for mobile devices
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
"Boundary of Illusion: " An Experiment of Sensory Integration with a Pseudo-Haptic System
VR '01 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR'01)
Crossmodal icons for information display
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Evaluation of haptically augmented touchscreen gui elements under cognitive load
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
T-Bars: towards tactile user interfaces for mobile touchscreens
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Crossmodal congruence: the look, feel and sound of touchscreen widgets
ICMI '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
The performance of touch screen soft buttons
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Audio or tactile feedback: which modality when?
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009
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The continued advancement in computer interfaces to support 3D tasks requires a better understanding of how users will interact with 3D user interfaces in a virtual workspace. This article presents two studies that investigated the effect of visual, auditory, and haptic sensory feedback modalities presented by a virtual button in a 3D environment on task performance (time on task and task errors) and user rating. Although we expected task performance to improve for conditions that combined two or three feedback modalities over a single modality, we instead found a significant emergent behavior that decreased performance in the trimodal condition. We found a significant increase in the number of presses when a user released the button before closing the virtual switch, suggesting that the combined visual, auditory, and haptic feedback led participants to prematurely believe they actuated a button. This suggests that in the design of virtual buttons, considering the effect of each feedback modality independently is not sufficient to predict performance, and unexpected effects may emerge when feedback modalities are combined.