Optimizing search engines using clickthrough data
Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Verbs semantics and lexical selection
ACL '94 Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Evaluating implicit measures to improve web search
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Analysis of topic dynamics in web search
WWW '05 Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web
Accurately interpreting clickthrough data as implicit feedback
Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Query chains: learning to rank from implicit feedback
Proceedings of the eleventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery in data mining
Exploratory search: from finding to understanding
Communications of the ACM - Supporting exploratory search
Task difficulty as a predictor and indicator of web searching interaction
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The influence of caption features on clickthrough patterns in web search
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
How well does result relevance predict session satisfaction?
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
SearchBar: a search-centric web history for task resumption and information re-finding
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Understanding the relationship between searchers' queries and information goals
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
Beyond the session timeout: automatic hierarchical segmentation of search topics in query logs
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
Exploratory Search
Characterizing and predicting search engine switching behavior
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
Beyond DCG: user behavior as a predictor of a successful search
Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
How does search behavior change as search becomes more difficult?
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web
Predicting searcher frustration
Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Assessing the scenic route: measuring the value of search trails in web logs
Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Exploring the use of labels to shortcut search trails
Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Can search systems detect users' task difficulty?: some behavioral signals
Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Find it if you can: a game for modeling different types of web search success using interaction data
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
Evaluating multi-query sessions
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
Characterizing web content, user interests, and search behavior by reading level and topic
Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Building the trail best traveled: effects of domain knowledge on web search trailblazing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A semi-supervised approach to modeling web search satisfaction
SIGIR '12 Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
A subjunctive exploratory search interface to support media studies researchers
SIGIR '12 Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Task tours: helping users tackle complex search tasks
Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Toward whole-session relevance: exploring intrinsic diversity in web search
Proceedings of the 36th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
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Web searchers often exhibit directed search behaviors such as navigating to a particular Website. However, in many circumstances they exhibit different behaviors that involve issuing many queries and visiting many results. In such cases, it is not clear whether the user's rationale is to intentionally explore the results or whether they are struggling to find the information they seek. Being able to disambiguate between these types of long search sessions is important for search engines both in performing retrospective analysis to understand search success, and in developing real-time support to assist searchers. The difficulty of this challenge is amplified since many of the characteristics of exploration (e.g., multiple queries, long duration) are also observed in sessions where people are struggling. In this paper, we analyze struggling and exploring behavior in Web search using log data from a commercial search engine. We first compare and contrast search behaviors along a number dimensions, including query dynamics during the session. We then build classifiers that can accurately distinguish between exploring and struggling sessions using behavioral and topical features. Finally, we show that by considering the struggling/exploring prediction we can more accurately predict search satisfaction.