Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Analysis of a very large web search engine query log
ACM SIGIR Forum
Real life, real users, and real needs: a study and analysis of user queries on the web
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Web search behavior of Internet experts and newbies
Proceedings of the 9th international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks : the international journal of computer and telecommunications netowrking
Differences between novice and experienced users in searching information on the World Wide Web
Journal of the American Society for Information Science - Special topic issue: individual differences in virtual environments
WISE '01 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE'01) Volume 1 - Volume 1
Coverage, relevance, and ranking: The impact of query operators on Web search engine results
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The perfect search engine is not enough: a study of orienteering behavior in directed search
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Understanding user goals in web search
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web
Eye-tracking analysis of user behavior in WWW search
Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Modeling successful performance in Web searching
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Investigating behavioral variability in web search
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
Investigating the querying and browsing behavior of advanced search engine users
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Employing log metrics to evaluate search behaviour and success: case study BBC search engine
Journal of Information Science
Understanding the relationship between searchers' queries and information goals
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web
Information problem solving by experts and novices: analysis of a complex cognitive skill
Computers in Human Behavior
How are we searching the World Wide Web? A comparison of nine search engine transaction logs
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue: Formal methods for information retrieval
Hundreds of folders or one ugly pile: strategies for information search and re-access
INTERACT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 IFIP TC13 international conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Eye-tracking reveals the personal styles for search result evaluation
INTERACT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 IFIP TC13 international conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Can search systems detect users' task difficulty?: some behavioral signals
Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Interactive information seeking via selective application of contextual knowledge
Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context
Helping identify when users find useful documents: examination of query reformulation intervals
Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context
Predicting task difficulty for different task types
Proceedings of the 73rd ASIS&T Annual Meeting on Navigating Streams in an Information Ecosystem - Volume 47
Three sequential positions of query repair in interactions with internet search engines
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Characterizing the usability of interactive applications through query log analysis
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
What makes re-finding information difficult? a study of email re-finding
ECIR'11 Proceedings of the 33rd European conference on Advances in information retrieval
HLT '11 Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies: short papers - Volume 2
Modeling and analysis of cross-session search tasks
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
Seeding simulated queries with user-study data for personal search evaluation
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
Why searchers switch: understanding and predicting engine switching rationales
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
Find it if you can: a game for modeling different types of web search success using interaction data
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
Search task difficulty: the expected vs. the reflected
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
Web browsing behavior recording system
KES'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Knowledge-based and intelligent information and engineering systems - Volume Part IV
Query operators shown beneficial for improving search results
TPDL'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Theory and practice of digital libraries: research and advanced technology for digital libraries
Investigating interactive search behaviour of medical students: an exploratory survey
Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference
Answering search queries with CrowdSearcher
Proceedings of the 21st international conference on World Wide Web
The search dashboard: how reflection and comparison impact search behavior
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Automatic properties adjusting method using user operations for local search smartphone applications
Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
Children's search roles at home: Implications for designers, researchers, educators, and parents
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
A semi-supervised approach to modeling web search satisfaction
SIGIR '12 Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
A subjunctive exploratory search interface to support media studies researchers
SIGIR '12 Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
When big data leads to lost data
Proceedings of the 5th Ph.D. workshop on Information and knowledge
Exploring and predicting search task difficulty
Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Evaluating web archive search systems
WISE'12 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Web Information Systems Engineering
Extending search to crowds: a model-driven approach
Search Computing
Playing by the rules: mining query associations to predict search performance
Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Personalizing atypical web search sessions
Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Web Data Management through Crowdsourcing Upon Social Networks
ASONAM '12 Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM 2012)
Tempo of search actions to modeling successful sessions
ECIR'13 Proceedings of the 35th European conference on Advances in Information Retrieval
Leading people to longer queries
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Aggregated search interface preferences in multi-session search tasks
Proceedings of the 36th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Search engine switching detection based on user personal preferences and behavior patterns
Proceedings of the 36th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Proceedings of the 36th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
How do users grow up along with search engines?: a study of long-term users' behavior
Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Conference on information & knowledge management
Personalized models of search satisfaction
Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Conference on information & knowledge management
Why Do Users Perceive Search Tasks As Difficult? Exploring Difficulty in Different Task Types
Proceedings of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction and Information Retrieval
The use of query suggestions during information search
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Struggling or exploring?: disambiguating long search sessions
Proceedings of the 7th ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
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Search engines make it easy to check facts online, but finding some specific kinds of information sometimes proves to be difficult. We studied the behavioral signals that suggest that a user is having trouble in a search task. First, we ran a lab study with 23 users to gain a preliminary understanding on how users' behavior changes when they struggle finding the information they're looking for. The observations were then tested with 179 participants who all completed an average of 22.3 tasks from a pool of 100 tasks. The large-scale study provided quantitative support for our qualitative observations from the lab study. When having difficulty in finding information, users start to formulate more diverse queries, they use advanced operators more, and they spend a longer time on the search result page as compared to the successful tasks. The results complement the existing body of research focusing on successful search strategies.