Analog retrieval by constraint satisfaction
Artificial Intelligence
Problem solving and cognitive skill acquisition
Foundations of cognitive science
Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software
Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software
An Internet based collaborative distance learning system: CODILESS
Computers & Education - Special issue: education and the Internet
The Architecture of Cognition
Knowledge management with patterns
Communications of the ACM - A game experience in every application
Groupware development support with technology patterns
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Knowledge sharing and creation in a teachers' professional virtual community
Computers & Education
Fearless change patterns for introducing new ideas
Fearless change patterns for introducing new ideas
Lessons learnt in mining and writing design patterns for educational interactive graphics
Computers in Human Behavior
Dealing with abstraction: Case study generalisation as a method for eliciting design patterns
Computers in Human Behavior
Auditory display design-An investigation of a design pattern approach
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Cognitive learning efficiency through the use of design patterns in teaching
Computers & Education
Pattern-mediated knowledge exchange in non-governmental organizations
EC-TEL'10 Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Technology enhanced learning conference on Sustaining TEL: from innovation to learning and practice
Learning by foraging: The impact of individual knowledge and social tags on web navigation processes
Computers in Human Behavior
Collaborative knowledge building with wikis: The impact of redundancy and polarity
Computers & Education
IT takes a village: Virtual communities in support of education
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
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In times of knowledge exchange across geographical and temporal borders, the question arises as to how not only explicit or factual knowledge can be exchanged over distance, but also knowledge-in-use, with its high amount of tacit knowledge. This article introduces patterns as an established method for supporting the exchange of this knowledge-in-use. We first provide a theoretical basis for our assumption that patterns facilitate the exchange of knowledge-in-use, because they are external representations that are highly analog to people's internal knowledge representation. We then present two experiments testing this assumption: A field study with practitioners (n = 46) who had accumulated experiential knowledge-in-use over a period of several years, and a laboratory study (n = 61) where the students acquired knowledge-in-use during a standard learning period. Both experiments support the hypothesis that patterns facilitate the externalization of knowledge-in-use. With patterns, users described more solution-relevant features of a problem and focused more on abstract features of a solution than participants who explained their experiences without a pattern.