The Design and Use of Steerable Filters
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Decision Combination in Multiple Classifier Systems
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Support vector machines applied to face recognition
Proceedings of the 1998 conference on Advances in neural information processing systems II
The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multiresolution Gray-Scale and Rotation Invariant Texture Classification with Local Binary Patterns
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Non-parametric Local Transforms for Computing Visual Correspondence
ECCV '94 Proceedings of the Third European Conference-Volume II on Computer Vision - Volume II
An introduction to boosting and leveraging
Advanced lectures on machine learning
Two-Dimensional PCA: A New Approach to Appearance-Based Face Representation and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face recognition: A literature survey
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International Journal of Computer Vision
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Face Detection Using Improved LBP under Bayesian Framework
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ICPR '06 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 03
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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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Pattern Recognition Letters
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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
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ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
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Face recognition based on local descriptors has been recently recognized as the state-of-the-art design framework for problems of facial identification and verification. Given the diversity of the existing approaches, the main objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive, in-depth comparative analysis of the recent face recognition methodologies based on local descriptors. We carefully review and contrast a suite of commonly encountered local descriptors. In particular, we highlight their main features in the setting of problems of facial recognition. The main advantages and limitations of the discussed methods are identified. Furthermore a carefully structured taxonomy of the existing approaches is presented We show that the presented techniques are particularly suitable for large scale facial authentication systems in which the training stage with the use of the overall face database might be computationally prohibited. A variety of approaches being used to realize a fusion of the local descriptions into the global ones are discussed along with their pros and cons. Furthermore different similarity measures and possible extensions and hybridizations with statistical learning techniques are elaborated on as well. Experimental results obtained for the FERET database are carefully assessed and compared.