Wattch: a framework for architectural-level power analysis and optimizations
Proceedings of the 27th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
JouleTrack: a web based tool for software energy profiling
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Fast, flexible, cycle-accurate energy estimation
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
ECOSystem: managing energy as a first class operating system resource
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Instruction Level Power Analysis and Optimization of Software
VLSID '96 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on VLSI Design: VLSI in Mobile Communication
Xen and the art of virtualization
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
A performance-conserving approach for reducing peak power consumption in server systems
Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Supercomputing
Power provisioning for a warehouse-sized computer
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
ICAC '07 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomic Computing
VirtualPower: coordinated power management in virtualized enterprise systems
Proceedings of twenty-first ACM SIGOPS symposium on Operating systems principles
Comparison of the three CPU schedulers in Xen
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Energy Efficient Scheduling of Real-Time Tasks on Multicore Processors
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Koala: a platform for OS-level power management
Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems
Statistical profiling-based techniques for effective power provisioning in data centers
Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems
Accounting and Billing for Federated Cloud Infrastructures
GCC '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Eighth International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing
Resource-conscious scheduling for energy efficiency on multicore processors
Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Computer systems
Virtual machine power metering and provisioning
Proceedings of the 1st ACM symposium on Cloud computing
Energy aware consolidation for cloud computing
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
Editorial: The management of cloud systems
Future Generation Computer Systems
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Virtualization facilitates the provision of flexible resources and improves energy efficiency through the consolidation of virtualized servers into a smaller number of physical servers. As an increasingly essential component of the emerging cloud computing model, virtualized environments bill their users based on processor time or the number of virtual machine instances. However, accounting based only on the depreciation of server hardware is not sufficient because the cooling and energy costs for data centers will exceed the purchase costs for hardware. This paper suggests a model for estimating the energy consumption of each virtual machine without dedicated measurement hardware. Our model estimates the energy consumption of a virtual machine based on in-processor events generated by the virtual machine. Based on this estimation model, we also propose a virtual machine scheduling algorithm that can provide computing resources according to the energy budget of each virtual machine. The suggested schemes are implemented in the Xen virtualization system, and an evaluation shows that the suggested schemes estimate and provide energy consumption with errors of less than 5% of the total energy consumption.