Phenomenology: a preferred approach to research on information systems
Trends in information systems
The need of longitudinal designs in the study of computing environments
Trends in information systems
Review of management informations systems research: a management support emphasis
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
“Combining qualitative and quantitative methods information systems research: a case study"
Management Information Systems Quarterly
The problem of statistical power in MIS research
MIS Quarterly
Analyzing methodological rigor of MIS survey research from 1980–1989
Information and Management
Survey research methodology in management information systems: an assessment
Journal of Management Information Systems - Special section: Strategic and competitive information systems
Importance of Price in Telecommunications Managers' Choice of Local Access Provider
Information Technology and Management
The information system within the organization: a case study
Critical reflections on information systems
Philosophical foundations of computer simulation validation
Simulation and Gaming
The impact of service level on the acceptance of application service oriented medical records
Information and Management
Synthetic designs: a new form of true experimental design for use in information systems development
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
From Association to Causation via a Potential Outcomes Approach
Information Systems Research
The impact of service level on the acceptance of application service oriented medical records
Information and Management
The end of the information system life: a model of is discontinuance
ACM SIGMIS Database
The nature of theory in information systems
MIS Quarterly
International Journal of Technoethics
An Empirical Study of the Casual Relationship Between IT Investment and Firm Performance
Information Resources Management Journal
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The lack of theories and methodological weakness have been pointed out as two distinct but related problems in empirical Management Information Systems (MIS) research. Reinforcing the existing belief that too much attention has been devoted to "what" as opposed to "why" or "when" relationships exist, This paper focuses on a subset of model building and methodology issues involving the systematic discovery and representation of causal relationships. Our analysis of the existing empirical MIS literature reveals the need to build richer causal models, to increase the flexibility of model representation, to integrate the isolated worlds of pure latent and pure manifested variables, and to provide a tighter linkage between the exploratory and confirmatory research phases.Based on philosophy of science and advances in the fields of experimental economics and sociology, we propose a foundation for developing richer models by explicitly considering the exogeneity and endogeneity of constructs and a manipulative account of causality, and by recognizing the role of incentives, agent, and organizational characteristics in MIS models. Since richer models require more flexible tools and techniques, the paper describes the representational shortcomings and statistical pitfalls of factor-analytic methods commonly deployed in empirical research. We suggest that weak exploratory phase tools and approaches may allow violations of causal assumptions to pass undetected to the confirmatory phase. Since confirmatory tools like LISREL also make factor-analytic assumptions, these violations are not likely to be detected at the confirmatory phase either. We propose using TETRAD, a non-parametric tool, at the exploratory phase for its ability to accommodate a wide variety of causal models. Our findings are summarized within an integrated framework, which enhances the likelihood of discovering relationships through richer theoretical support and powerful exploratory analysis.