Speech and expression: a computer solution to face animation
Proceedings on Graphics Interface '86/Vision Interface '86
Methods for stochastic spectral synthesis
Proceedings on Graphics Interface '86/Vision Interface '86
Principles of Computer Speech
Programs for Digital Signal Processing
Programs for Digital Signal Processing
Linear Prediction of Speech
A parametric model for human faces.
A parametric model for human faces.
An automatic lip-synchronization algorithm for synthetic faces
MULTIMEDIA '94 Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Multimedia
Automatic Creation of 3D Facial Models
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Image Sequences Using Physical and Anatomical Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
3D Models Of The Lips For Realistic Speech Animation
CA '96 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Building an advanced facial expression system
Graphics programming methods
Creating Speech-Synchronized Animation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Intelligent content production for a virtual speaker
IMTCI'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Intelligent Media Technology for Communicative Intelligence
Speech driven facial animation using HMMs in basque
TSD'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue
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An automated method of synchronizing facial animation to recorded speech is described. In this method, a common speech synthesis method (linear prediction) is adapted to provide simple and accurate phoneme recognition. The recognized phonemes are then associated with mouth positions to provide keyframes for computer animation of speech using a parametric model of the human face.The linear prediction software, once implemented, can also be used for speech resynthesis. The synthesis retains intelligibility and natural speech rhythm while achieving a “synthetic realism” consistent with computer animation. Speech synthesis also enables certain useful manipulations for the purpose of computer character animation.