A relational model of data for large shared data banks
Communications of the ACM
Optimism and consistency in partitioned distributed database systems
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Incomplete Information in Relational Databases
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Consistency in a partitioned network: a survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Incomplete information costs and database design
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
A formal treatment of missing & imprecise information
SIGIR '87 Proceedings of the 10th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
An extension to the relational model for indefinite databases
ACM '87 Proceedings of the 1987 Fall Joint Computer Conference on Exploring technology: today and tomorrow
Fuzzy functional dependencies and lossless join decomposition of fuzzy relational database systems
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Partition semantics for incomplete information in relational databases
SIGMOD '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Absolute Bounds on Set Intersection and Union Sizes from Distribution Information
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A deductive database based on aristotelian logic
Journal of Symbolic Computation
Imprecise schema: a rationale for relations with embedded subrelations
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Indefinite and maybe information in relational databases
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
A family of incomplete relational database models
VLDB '89 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Very large data bases
Imprecise information and uncertainty in information systems
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
ANNA '91 Proceedings of the conference on Analysis of neural network applications
Formal semantics of SQL queries
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Semantics for null extended nested relations
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Reasoning about naming systems
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Towards a relational model for exclusively disjunctive information
CSC '93 Proceedings of the 1993 ACM conference on Computer science
How to modify SQL queries in order to guarantee sure answers
ACM SIGMOD Record
On deductive databases with incomplete information
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
An execution model for limited ambiguity rules and its application to derived data update
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Error propagation in distributed databases
CIKM '95 Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Polymorphism and type inference in database programming
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
A probabilistic relational model and algebra
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
A probabilistic relational algebra for the integration of information retrieval and database systems
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
On the semantics of “now” in databases
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Supporting valid-time indeterminacy
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Fuzzy databases in the new era
SAC '95 Proceedings of the 1995 ACM symposium on Applied computing
A statistical approach to incomplete information in database systems
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
A foundation of CODD's relational maybe-operations
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Extending the database relational model to capture more meaning
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
On Databases with Incomplete Information
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Incomplete information and the relational model of data
CSC '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM sixteenth annual conference on Computer science
MAYBE algebra operators in database machine architecture
ACM '86 Proceedings of 1986 ACM Fall joint computer conference
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Logic and Databases: A Deductive Approach
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Communications of the ACM
Nulls in relational databases: revised
ACM SIGMOD Record
Data mining for design and manufacturing
A dynamic logic of multiprocessing with incomplete information
POPL '80 Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
An intelligent approach to handling imperfect information in concept-based natural language queries
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
A systematic approach to relational database theory
SIGMOD '82 Proceedings of the 1982 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Assumptions in relational database theory
PODS '82 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD symposium on Principles of database systems
Database relations with null values
PODS '82 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD symposium on Principles of database systems
Supporting User-Defined Granularities in a Spatiotemporal Conceptual Model
Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence
Querying Temporal Constraint Networks: A Unifying Approach
Applied Intelligence
Searching a minimal semantically-equivalent subset of a set of partial values
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A Generalized Relational Model for Indefinite and Maybe Information
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Reliability of Answers to Queries in Relational Databases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
The Management of Probabilistic Data
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Using Constraints for Efficient Query Processing in Nondeterministic Databases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
An Exploration of Relationships Among Exclusive Disjunctive Data
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Evaluating Aggregate Operations Over Imprecise Data
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Current Approaches to Handling Imperfect Information in Data and Knowledge Bases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A Hybrid Representation of Vague Collections for Distributed Object Management Systems
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A Query Model to Synthesize Answer Intervals from Indexed Video Units
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Incomplete Relational Database Models Based on Intervals
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Semantic Conflicts and Solutions in Fuzzy Multidatabase Systems
DNIS '00 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Databases in Networked Information Systems
Closed World Databases Opened Through Null Values
VLDB '88 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
A Probabilistic Framework for Vague Queries and Imprecise Information in Databases
VLDB '90 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
An Extended Relational Database Model for Uncertain and Imprecise Information
VLDB '92 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Modelling Information Preserving Databases: Consequences of the Concept of Time
VLDB '83 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Decision Support with Imprecise Data for Consumers
Soft-Ware 2002 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computing in an Imperfect World
Some Issues on Nondeterministic Knowledge Bases with Incomplete and Selective Information
RSCTC '98 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing
Handling Data with Plural Sources in Databases
RSCTC '00 Revised Papers from the Second International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing
Functional Dependencies in Relational Expressions Based on Or-Sets
TSCTC '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing
Temporal Databases with Null Values
DEXA '00 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Maximal consistent block technique for rule acquisition in incomplete information systems
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Temporal coalescing with now granularity, and incomplete information
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Incomplete information in multidimensional databases
Multidimensional databases
IFOOD: An Intelligent Fuzzy Object-Oriented Database Architecture
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (TOCL)
Statistical databases: their model, query language and security
SSDBM'83 Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Statistical Database Management
Data exchange and incomplete information
Proceedings of the twenty-fifth ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems
Flexible Indiscernibility Relations for Missing Attribute Values
Fundamenta Informaticae - Concurrency Specification and Programming (CS&P 2004)
Impacts of logic and databases (invited paper)
VLDB '81 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Very Large Data Bases - Volume 7
On representing incomplete information in a relational data base
VLDB '81 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Very Large Data Bases - Volume 7
On retrieval from a small version of a large data base
VLDB '80 Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Very Large Data Bases - Volume 6
Functional dependencies and incomplete information
VLDB '80 Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Very Large Data Bases - Volume 6
On the correctness criteria of fine-grained access control in relational databases
VLDB '07 Proceedings of the 33rd international conference on Very large data bases
Query processing over incomplete autonomous databases
VLDB '07 Proceedings of the 33rd international conference on Very large data bases
Data exchange and schema mappings in open and closed worlds
Proceedings of the twenty-seventh ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems
Consistent Query Answering: The First Ten Years
SUM '08 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management
Optimization of Queries over Interval Probabilistic Data
SUM '08 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management
Polynomial Time Queries over Inconsistent Databases
SUM '08 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management
Towards optimal use of incomplete classification data
Computers and Operations Research
Rough Set Approach to Information Tables with Imprecise Decisions
RSCTC '08 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing
Lower and Upper Approximations of Rules in Non-deterministic Information Systems
RSCTC '08 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing
Using partitioned databases for statistical data analysis
AFIPS '81 Proceedings of the May 4-7, 1981, national computer conference
Rules and Apriori Algorithm in Non-deterministic Information Systems
Transactions on Rough Sets IX
Tolerant division queries and possibilistic database querying
Fuzzy Sets and Systems
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Advances in Logic Based Intelligent Systems: Selected Papers of LAPTEC 2005
On Possible Rules and Apriori Algorithm in Non-deterministic Information Systems: Part 2
RSFDGrC '07 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining and Granular Computing
A Model Based on Possibilistic Certainty Levels for Incomplete Databases
SUM '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management
Vivid knowledge and tractable reasoning
IJCAI'89 Proceedings of the 11th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
IJCAI'91 Proceedings of the 12th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Attribute dependency functions considering data efficiency
International Journal of Approximate Reasoning
RSFDGrC '09 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining and Granular Computing
PRICAI'00 Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Rim international conference on Artificial intelligence
Consistency enforcement in databases
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Semantics in databases
A Survey on Uncertainty Management in Data Integration
Journal of Data and Information Quality (JDIQ)
Rule generation in Lipski's incomplete information databases
RSCTC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Rough sets and current trends in computing
Rough set approximations in formal concept analysis
Transactions on rough sets XII
Handling dirty databases: from user warning to data cleaning -- towards an interactive approach
SUM'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Scalable uncertainty management
Indiscernibility and similarity in an incomplete information table
RSKT'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Rough set and knowledge technology
Data cleaning and query answering with matching dependencies and matching functions
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Database Theory
Data exchange and schema mappings in open and closed worlds
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Stable rule extraction and decision making in rough non-deterministic information analysis
International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems - Rough and Fuzzy Methods for Data Mining
NULL 'Value' Algebras and Logics
Proceedings of the 2011 conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXII
Dual rough approximations in information tables with missing values
RSFDGrC'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Rough sets, fuzzy sets, data mining and granular computing
A prototype system for rule generation in Lipski's incomplete information databases
RSFDGrC'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Rough sets, fuzzy sets, data mining and granular computing
A NIS-apriori based rule generator in prolog and its functionality for table data
RSKT'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Rough sets and knowledge technology
Consistent query answering: five easy pieces
ICDT'07 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Database Theory
On possible rules and apriori algorithm in non-deterministic information systems
RSCTC'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing
Discernibility functions and minimal rules in non-deterministic information systems
RSFDGrC'05 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing - Volume Part I
MDAI'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence
Treating incomplete knowledge in formal concept analysis
Formal Concept Analysis
Sources of incompleteness in grid publishing
BNCOD'06 Proceedings of the 23rd British National Conference on Databases, conference on Flexible and Efficient Information Handling
Transactions on Rough Sets II
On a rough sets based data mining tool in prolog: an overview
INAP'05 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Applications of Declarative Programming and Knowledge Management
Detecting suspect answers in the presence of inconsistent information
FoIKS'12 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems
Flexible Indiscernibility Relations for Missing Attribute Values
Fundamenta Informaticae - Concurrency Specification and Programming (CS&P 2004)
An Improved Axiomatic Definition of Information Granulation
Fundamenta Informaticae
Entropy measures and granularity measures for set-valued information systems
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Relational Operations and Uncertainty Measure in Rough Relational Database
Fundamenta Informaticae
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Various approaches to interpreting queries in a database with incomplete information are discussed. A simple model of a database is described, based on attributes which can take values in specified attribute domains. Information incompleteness means that instead of having a single value of an attribute, we have a subset of the attribute domain, which represents our knowledge that the actual value, though unknown, is one of the values in this subset. This extends the idea of Codd's null value, corresponding to the case when this subset is the whole attribute domain. A simple query language to communicate with such a system is described and its various semantics are precisely defined. We emphasize the distinction between two different interpretations of the query language—the external one, which refers the queries directly to the real world modeled in an incomplete way by the system, and the internal one, under which the queries refer to the system's information about this world, rather than to the world itself. Both external and internal interpretations are provided with the corresponding sets of axioms which serve as a basis for equivalent transformations of queries. The technique of equivalent transformations of queries is then extensively exploited for evaluating the interpretation of (i.e. the response to) a query.