What mix of video and audio is useful for small groups doing remote real-time design work?
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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SAICSIT '02 Proceedings of the 2002 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on Enablement through technology
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interactions - Winds of change
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Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Supporting engagement in asynchronous education
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The interactive shared educational environment: user interface, system architecture and field study
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CASCON '03 Proceedings of the 2003 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research
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International Journal of Distance Education Technologies
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ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Unrawelling the interaction strategies and gaze in collaborative learning with online video lectures
Proceedings of the 6th workshop on Eye gaze in intelligent human machine interaction: gaze in multimodal interaction
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Previous research on Tutored Video Instruction (TVI) shows that learning is enhanced when small groups of students watch and discuss lecture videos together. Using specialized, high-end videoconferencing systems, these improved results have been shown to apply even when the students are in different locations (Distributed TVI, or DTVI). In this paper, we explore two issues in making DTVI-like scenarios widely supported at low cost. First, we explore design of a system that allows distributed individuals to collectively watch video using shared VCR controls such as play, pause, seek, stop. We show how such a system can be built on top of existing commercial technologies. Second, we explore the impact of four alternative discussion channels on student learning and interaction behavior. The four channels-text chat, audioconferencing, videoconferencing, and face-to-face-have differing infrastructure requirements and costs. Our lab studies show that while text chat does not work, there is no significant difference in discussion behavior and learning between audioconferencing and videoconferencing. While lab studies have their limitations and long-term field studies need to be done, the preliminary results point to a low-cost way for a DTVI-like model to be deployed widely in the very near future.