Automatic Creation of Human-Competitive Programs and Controllers by Means of Genetic Programming

  • Authors:

  • John R. Koza;Martin A. Keane;Jessen Yu;Forrest H. Bennett, III;William Mydlowec

  • Affiliations:

  • Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 koza@stanford.edu http://www.smi.stanfo ...;Econometrics Inc., 111 E. Wacker Dr., Chicago, Illinois 60601 makeane@ix.netcom.com;Genetic Programming Inc., Box 1669, Los Altos, California 94023 jyu@cs.stanford.edu;Genetic Programming Inc., Box 1669, Los Altos, California 94023 forrest@evolute.com http://www.genetic-programming.com;Genetic Programming Inc., Box 1669, Los Altos, California 94023 myd@cs.stanford.edu

  • Venue:
  • Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
  • Year:
  • 2000

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Abstract

Genetic programming is an automatic method for creating a computer program or other complex structure to solve a problem. This paper first reviews various instances where genetic programming has previously produced human-competitive results. It then presents new human-competitive results involving the automatic synthesis of the design of both the parameter values (i.e., tuning) and the topology of controllers for two illustrative problems. Both genetically evolved controllers are better than controllers designed and published by experts in the field of control using the criteria established by the experts. One of these two controllers infringes on a previously issued patent. Other evolved controllers duplicate the functionality of other previously patented controllers. The results in this paper, in conjunction with previous results, reinforce the prediction that genetic programming is on the threshold of routinely producing human-competitive results and that genetic programming can potentially be used as an “invention machine” to produce patentable new inventions.