Communications of the ACM
Wiring considerations in analog VLSI systems, with application to field-programmable networks
Wiring considerations in analog VLSI systems, with application to field-programmable networks
What does the retina know about natural scenes?
Neural Computation
An Analog VLSI System for Stereoscopic Vision
An Analog VLSI System for Stereoscopic Vision
Standard CMOS active pixel image sensors for multimedia applications
ARVLSI '95 Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI (ARVLSI'95)
A Current-Mode Hysteretic Winner-take-all Network, with Excitatory and Inhibitory Coupling
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
The Retinomorphic Approach: Pixel-Parallel Adaptive Amplification,Filtering, and Quantization
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
Analog VLSI Implementation of Artificial Neural Networks with Supervised On-Chip Learning
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
A Reconfigurable Neuromorphic VLSI Multi-Chip System Applied to Visual Motion Computation
MICRONEURO '99 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Microelectronics for Neural, Fuzzy and Bio-Inspired Systems
Neural networks with quantum gated nodes
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Modeling visual perception for image processing
IWANN'07 Proceedings of the 9th international work conference on Artificial neural networks
Current mode image sensor with two transistors per pixel
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers
IWANN'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Artificial neural networks conference on Advances in computational intelligence - Volume Part I
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Retinomorphic vision systems use neurobiological principles to accomplish all four major operations performed by biological retinae: (1) continuous sensing for detection, (2) local automatic gain control for amplification, (3) spatiotemporal bandpass filtering for preprocessing, and (4) adaptive sampling for quantization, and they perform all four operations at the pixel level. The retinomorphic system I describe here uses a random-access communication channel to read out asynchronous pulse trains from a 64 64 pixel array in the retinomorphic chip, and transmits them to corresponding locations on a second chip that has a 64 64 array of integrators. Both chips are fully functional. I compare and contrast retinal design principles with the standard practice in imager design. I argue that neurobiological principles are best suited to perceptive systems that go beyond reproducing the dynamic scene, like a conventional video camera does, to extracting salient information in real time.