The Retinomorphic Approach: Pixel-Parallel Adaptive Amplification,Filtering, and Quantization

Authors:
Kwabena A. Boahen
Affiliations:
Physics of Computation Laboratory, MS 136-93, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125
Venue:
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
Year:
1997

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Abstract

I describe a vision system that uses neurobiologicalprinciples to perform all four major operations found in biologicalretinae: (1) continuous sensing for detection, (2) local automaticgain control for amplification, (3) spatiotemporal bandpass filteringfor preprocessing, and (4) adaptive sampling for quantization.All four operations are performed at the pixel level. The systemincludes a random-access time-division multiplexed communicationchannel that reads out asynchronous pulse trains from a 64×64 pixel array in the imager chip, and transmitsthem to corresponding locations on a second chip that has a 64×64 array of integrators. Both chips are fully functional.I compare and contrast the design principles of the retina withthe standard practice in imager design and analyze the circuitsused to amplify, filter, and quantize the visual signal, withemphasis on the performance trade-offs inherent in the circuittopologies used.