A Modular Multi-Chip Neuromorphic Architecture for Real-Time Visual Motion Processing
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
The Retinomorphic Approach: Pixel-Parallel Adaptive Amplification,Filtering, and Quantization
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
Asynchronous Communication of 2D Motion Information UsingWinner-Takes-All Arbitration
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
VLSI Implementation of a Neural Model Using Spikes
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
Multi-Chip Neuromorphic Motion Processing
ARVLSI '99 Proceedings of the 20th Anniversary Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI
Retinomorphic Chips that see Quadrupple Images
MICRONEURO '99 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Microelectronics for Neural, Fuzzy and Bio-Inspired Systems
A 2D Image Filtering Architecture for Real-Time Vision Processing Systems
MICRONEURO '99 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Microelectronics for Neural, Fuzzy and Bio-Inspired Systems
CMOS image sensors for sensor networks
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
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The new generation of silicon retinae has two defining characteristics. First, these synthetic retinae are morphologically equivalent to their biological counterparts---at an appropriate level of abstraction. Second, they accomplish _all_ four major operations performed by biological retinae using neurobiological principles: (1) continuous sensing for detection, (2) local automatic gain control for amplification, (3) spatiotemporal bandpass filtering for preprocessing, and (4) adaptive sampling for quantization. I introduce the term _retinomorphic_ to refer to this subclass of the neuromorphic electronic systems [Mead90]. I compare and contrast their design principles with the standard practice in imager design. I argue that neurobiological principles are best suited to perceptive systems [Vittoz94] that go beyond reproducing the dynamic scene, like a conventional video camera does, to extracting salient information in real time [Andreou95]. I shall present results from a fully operational retinomorphic vision system and discuss the trade-offs involved in its design.