Iconic indexing by 2-D strings
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Conceptual representation for knowledge bases and information retrieval systems
SIGIR '88 Proceedings of the 11th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
In search of knowledge-based search tactics
SIGIR '89 Proceedings of the 12th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Knowledge-based retrieval of office documents
SIGIR '90 Proceedings of the 13th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Incorporating a semantic analysis into a document retrieval strategy
SIGIR '91 Proceedings of the 14th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Nearest neighbour searching in a picture archive system
International conference on Multimedia information systems '91
A cognitive approach to visual interaction
International conference on Multimedia information systems '91
Projection detecting filter for video cut detection
MULTIMEDIA '93 Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Multimedia
A digital on-demand video service supporting content-based queries
MULTIMEDIA '93 Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Multimedia
Query by humming: musical information retrieval in an audio database
Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Multimedia
An integrated color-spatial approach to content-based image retrieval
Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Multimedia
Point vs. interval-based query languages for temporal databases (extended abstract)
PODS '96 Proceedings of the fifteenth ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems
A visual approach to multimedia querying and presentation
MULTIMEDIA '97 Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Multimedia
VideoQ: an automated content based video search system using visual cues
MULTIMEDIA '97 Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals
Communications of the ACM
Content-Based Classification, Search, and Retrieval of Audio
IEEE MultiMedia
MORE: An Object-Oriented Data Model with a Facility for Changing Object Structures
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
KDA: A Knowledge-Based Database Assistant with a Query Guiding Facility
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Symbolic Description and Visual Querying of Image Sequences Using Spatio-Temporal Logic
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A Knowledge-Based Approach for Retrieving Images by Content
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Interval-Based Conceptual Models for Time-Dependent Multimedia Data
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A Visual Information Management System for the Interactive Retrieval of Faces
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
OVID: Design and Implementation of a Video-Object Database System
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Semantic Queries with Pictures: The VIMSYS Model
VLDB '91 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Reasoning About Spatial Relationships in Picture Retrieval Systems
VLDB '94 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Similarity based Retrieval of Pictures Using Indices on Spatial Relationships
VLDB '95 Proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Semantic Queries in Image Databases
Proceedings of the IFIP TC2/WG 2.6 Second Working Conference on Visual Database Systems II
Representing and Retrieving Symbolic Pictures by Spatial Relations
Proceedings of the IFIP TC2/WG 2.6 Second Working Conference on Visual Database Systems II
A visual language for color-based painting retrieval
VL '96 Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages
Content-based retrieval of video data by the grammar of film
VL '97 Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages (VL '97)
Querying GIS with Animated Spatial Sketches
VL '97 Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages (VL '97)
A Flexible Content-based Image Retrieval System with Combined Scene Description Keyword
ICMCS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
Audio Retrieval Using Perceptually Based Structures
ICMCS '98 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
Spatio-temporal modeling of video data for on-line object-oriented query processing
ICMCS '95 Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
Spatio-Temporal Indexing for Large Multimedia Applications
ICMCS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
An Algorithm for Content-based Retrieval in Multimedia Databases
ICMCS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
Image Retrieval by Elastic Matching of Shapes and Image Patterns
ICMCS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
Extracting story units from long programs for video browsing and navigation
ICMCS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
A practical query-by-humming system for a large music database
MULTIMEDIA '00 Proceedings of the eighth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Automatic detection of 'Goal' segments in basketball videos
MULTIMEDIA '01 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Content-based retrieval applications on a common database management system
MULTIMEDIA '01 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A multimedia database supports Internet-based English learning
Distributed multimedia databases
Similarity-based algebra for multimedia database systems
ADC '01 Proceedings of the 12th Australasian database conference
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Marie-4: A High-Recall, Self-Improving Web Crawler That Finds Images Using Captions
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Content-Based Indexing and Retrieval Supported by Mobile Agent Technology
MDIC '01 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multimedia Databases and Image Communication
Similarity-Based Operators in Image Database Systems
WAIM '01 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advances in Web-Age Information Management
A New Approach to Hierarchically Retrieve MPEG Video
IDEAL '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning
Fast Approximate Nearest-Neighbor Queries in Metric Feature Spaces by Buoy Indexing
VISUAL '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Visual Information Systems
Similarity of Cardinal Directions
SSTD '01 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Advances in Spatial and Temporal Databases
Extending a DBMS to Support Content-Based Video Retrieval: A Formula 1 Case Study
EDBT '02 Proceedings of the Worshops XMLDM, MDDE, and YRWS on XML-Based Data Management and Multimedia Engineering-Revised Papers
An application of multiple viewpoints to content-based image retrieval
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Novel indexing method of relations between salient objects
Effective databases for text & document management
Improving image retrieval effectiveness via multiple queries
MMDB '03 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Multimedia databases
A multimedia database supports english distance learning
Information Sciences—Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal - Special issue: Informatics and computer science intelligent systems applications
Integrating similarity-based queries in image DBMSs
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing
A Prototype Implementation of Metadata Generation for Image Retrieval
SAINT-W '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Symposium on Applications and the Internet-Workshops (SAINT 2004 Workshops)
An implementation of a multimedia object-oriented database management system
CompSysTech '03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference conference on Computer systems and technologies: e-Learning
Managing Uncertainties in Image Databases: A Fuzzy Approach
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Robust document image understanding technologies
Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Hardcopy document processing
A multi-modal system for the retrieval of semantic video events
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on event detection in video
Video Data Mining: Semantic Indexing and Event Detection from the Association Perspective
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Improving Image Retrieval Effectiveness via Multiple Queries
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Image domain formalization for content-based image retrieval
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Shape signatures of fuzzy star-shaped sets based on distance from the centroid
Pattern Recognition Letters
BilVideo: Design and Implementation of a Video Database Management System
Multimedia Tools and Applications
A Survey of MPEG-1 Audio, Video and Semantic Analysis Techniques
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Event-based multimedia chronicling systems
CARPE '05 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Continuous archival and retrieval of personal experiences
Automatic detection of PET lesions
VIP '02 Selected papers from the 2002 Pan-Sydney workshop on Visualisation - Volume 22
Multimedia-based authorization and access control policy specification
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Secure web services
Image retrieval system using R-tree self-organizing map
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Search the audio, browse the video: a generic paradigm for video collections
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Region-based image retrieval using an object ontology and relevance feedback
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Personalized retrieval of sports video
Proceedings of the international workshop on Workshop on multimedia information retrieval
Web search engine multimedia functionality
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Dynamic spatial approximation trees
Journal of Experimental Algorithmics (JEA)
Knowledge-based image retrieval system
Knowledge-Based Systems
The MPEG-7 Multimedia Database System (MPEG-7 MMDB)
Journal of Systems and Software
Video Semantic Content Analysis Framework Based on Ontology Combined MPEG-7
Adaptive Multimedial Retrieval: Retrieval, User, and Semantics
Mining top-k Hot Melody Structures over online music query streams
Pattern Recognition Letters
An ontology-based approach for providing multimedia personalised recommendations
International Journal of Web and Grid Services
Pattern discovery and change detection of online music query streams
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Frameworks for Intellectual Property Protection on Multimedia Database Systems
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XIX
Theory and Implementation on Automatic Adaptive Metadata Generation for Image Retrieval
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XVII
A study and comparison of multimedia Web searching: 1997–2006
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
High-dimensional indexing with oriented cluster representation for multimedia databases
ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Online mining maximal frequent structures in continuous landmark melody streams
Pattern Recognition Letters
Multimedia search capabilities of Chinese language search engines
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Visual query and exploration system for temporal relational database
ICDM'07 Proceedings of the 7th industrial conference on Advances in data mining: theoretical aspects and applications
Copyright, patent and trade secret on digital libraries: current issues and future trends
ICADL'07 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Asian digital libraries: looking back 10 years and forging new frontiers
CIKM '10 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Mobile agents in a distributed heterogeneous database system
EUROMICRO-PDP'02 Proceedings of the 10th Euromicro conference on Parallel, distributed and network-based processing
Video representation and retrieval using spatio-temporal descriptors and region relations
ICANN'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks - Volume Part II
Domain knowledge ontology building for semantic video event description
CIVR'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Query by example for geographic entity search with implicit negative feedback
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Uniquitous Information Management and Communication
MPEG-4 video retrieval using video-objects and edge potential functions
PCM'04 Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - Volume Part III
Automatic image description based on textual data
Journal on Data Semantics VII
Shape retrieval using statistical chord-length features
PSIVT'06 Proceedings of the First Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Image and Video Technology
k-means clustering on pre-calculated distance-based nearest neighbor search for image search
ACIIDS'13 Proceedings of the 5th Asian conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems - Volume Part II
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Conventional database systems are designed for managing textual and numerical data, and retrieving such data is often based on simple comparisons of text/numerical values. However, this simple method of retrieval is no longer adequate for the multimedia data, since the digitized representation of images, video, or data itself does not convey the reality of these media items. In addition, composite data consisting of heterogeneous types of data also associates with the semantic content acquired by a user's recognition. Therefore, content-based retrieval for multimedia data is realized taking such intrinsic features of multimedia data into account. Implementation of the content-based retrieval facility is not based on a single fundamental, but is closely related to an underlying data model, a priori knowledge of the area of interest, and the scheme for representing queries. This paper surveys recent studies on content-based retrieval for multimedia databases from the point of view of three fundamental issues. Throughout the discussion, we assume databases that manage only nontextual/numerical data, such as image or video, are also in the category of multimedia databases.