Towards a general theory of action and time
Artificial Intelligence
Object composition and playback models for handling multimedia data
MULTIMEDIA '93 Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Multimedia
Automatic temporal layout mechanisms
MULTIMEDIA '93 Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Multimedia
Improv: a system for scripting interactive actors in virtual worlds
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Combining qualitative and quantitative constraints in temporal reasoning
Artificial Intelligence
Interval scripts: a design paradigm for story-based interactive systems
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Computational Perception of Scene Dynamics
ECCV '96 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
An Architecture for Action, Emotion, and Social Behavior
MAAMAW '92 Selected papers from the 4th European Workshop on on Modelling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent World, Artificial Social Systems
The ALIVE system: full-body interaction with autonomous agents
CA '95 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
The Representation and Recognition of Human Movement Using Temporal Templates
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
Human Action Detection Using PNF Propagation of Temporal Constraints
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Fast Lighting Independent Background Subtraction
VS '98 Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Workshop on Visual Surveillance
Old tricks, new dogs: ethology and interactive creatures
Old tricks, new dogs: ethology and interactive creatures
Interacting with a virtual rap dancer
INTETAIN'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment
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It/I is a two-character theater play where the human character I is taunted and played by a vision-based, autonomous computerized character -- called It -- which controls computer-graphics, sound, and stage lights. Unlike previous immersive interactive systems, the computer vision system recognizes the human character's actions by considering not only tracking and gestural information and the character's internal variables but also the context provided by the current situation in the story. This paper focuses on a methodology to represent and recognize the human and computer characters' actions that is based on interval scripts, a paradigm that uses Allen's temporal primitives to describe the relationships among the different actions and reactions. The system was tested in six public performances held at the MIT Media Laboratory in 1997, when the computer graphics character ran automatically during the 30-minute duration of the play.