Graphical vs. textual representation: an empirical study of novices' program comprehension

A graphical programming language interface for an intelligent LISP tutor

CHI '88 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Graphical representation of programs in a demonstrational visual shell—an empirical evaluation

ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)

A bug's eye view of immediate visual feedback in direct-manipulation programming systems

ESP '97 Papers presented at the seventh workshop on Empirical studies of programmers

Programming complex objects in spreadsheets: an empirical study comparing textual formula entry with direct manipulation and gestures

ESP '97 Papers presented at the seventh workshop on Empirical studies of programmers

Cognitive Factors in Programming with Diagrams

Artificial Intelligence Review

A visual programming approach for teaching cognitive modelling

Computers & Education

Evidence in favor of visual representation for the dataflow paradigm: An experiment testing LabVIEW's comprehensibility

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

Attribute activation: an approach for learning visual representation

ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Educators program

Graphical versus textual software measurement modelling: an empirical study

Software Quality Control

Experimental comparison of the comprehensibility of a UML-based formal specification versus a textual one

EASE'07 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering